Collaborative Communication of Jakmania in Mediating Intergroup Conflict

Muhamad Isnaini; Rafif Azmi; Pieter Wilson Loho

doi:10.21111/ejoc.v8i1.9151

Authors

Muhamad Isnaini Program Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Bunda Mulia, Jakarta
Rafif Azmi Program Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Bunda Mulia
Pieter Wilson Loho Program Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Bunda Mulia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21111/ejoc.v8i1.9151

Keywords:

Jakmania, mediation, collaborative communication, mass brawls, street gangs

Abstract

Intergroup conflict with the manifestation of brawls are a routine occurrence in Johar Baru Sub-District. Efforts to reconcile the warring parties often fail. Alternative mediation actually comes from Jakmania which offers a new narrative to create peace through collaboration with conflicting parties. This study aims to analyze collaborative communication practices in mediating conflicts between street gangs in Johar Baru Sub-District. To answer the research objectives, this study used a qualitative approach with the case study method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with several informants concerned with peace in Johar Baru Sub-District. The results show that the actors involved in conflict mediation are diverse, including security forces, government officials, community forums, and Jakmania. The deadlock in mediation by the police, RW heads and opinion leaders opened up space for 'fringe' actors, namely Jakmania to mediate, and succeed because peace became more lasting/ maintained. The key to Jakmania's success was the use of collaboration, not contestation. Collaborative communication practices by Jakmania are implemented through the stages of persuasion, dialogue and collaborative communication at the same time. This study concludes that fringe actors such as football club supporter can be alternative mediators in resolving conflicts. This research contributes to: First, the use of collaborative communication as part of strategic communication in communication science. Second, the emergence of alternative actors and their mediation patterns in mediating and resolving similar conflicts elsewhere.

References

Barron, P., Kaiser, K., & Pradhan, M. (2009). Understanding variations in local conflict: Evidence and implications from Indonesia. World Development, 37(3), 698–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.08.007

BKBP. (2015). Peta kawasan rawan konflik DKI Jakarta. Jakarta. Retrieved from https://jakarta.go.id/dokumen/2602/peta-kawasan-rawan-konflik-provinsi-dki-jakarta-tahun-2015

Darmajanti, L. (2013). “The art of violence”: Arts reconstruction of violence in multicultural community urban poor Jakarta. Prosiding The 5th International Conference on Indonesian Studies: “Ethnicity and Globalization,” 373–389. Yogyakarta: FIB UI-ICSSIS.

Diding. (2003). Forum Warga Sebagai Antisipasi Lokal Terhadap Energi Negatif Komunalisme. In H. B. L. Subianto (Ed.), Komunalisme dan Demokrasi:Negosiasi Rakyat dengan Negara (pp. 112–140). Jakarta: Interseksi.

Fajar, D. P. (2016). Teori-teori konflik komunikasi: Upaya memahami dan memetakan konflik. Malang: UB Press.

Fensi, F. (2020). Peran Media Sosial Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa Sma & Smk Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, Jakarta. Jurnal Pengabdian Dan Kewirausahaan, 4(2), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.30813/jpk.v4i2.2325

Fisher, R. J. (2006). Intergroup Conflict. In M. Deutsch, P. T. Coleman, & E. C. Marcus (Eds.), The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Gallois, C., McKay, S., & Pittam, J. (2005). Intergroup communication and identity: Intercultural,organizational, and health communication. In K. L. Fitch & R. E. Sanders (Eds.), Handbook of language and social interaction (pp. 231–252). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Garvin, G. (2018). Pola Asuh Orangtua Dan Kecenderungan Delinkuensi Pada Remaja. Psibernetika, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.30813/psibernetika.v10i1.1039

Girsang, L. R. (2020). Peran Aktor Dalam Pemberdayaan Komunitas Rusunawa. IKRA-ITH HUMANIORA : Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 4(2), 103–112. Retrieved from https://journals.upi-yai.ac.id/index.php/ikraith-humaniora/article/view/563

Gravel, J., Allison, B., West-Fagan, J., McBride, M., & Tita, G. E. (2016). Birds of a Feather Fight Together: Status-Enhancing Violence, Social Distance and the Emergence of Homogenous Gangs. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-016-9331-8

Hagedorn, J. M. (2008). A World of Gangs. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Harsanto, J. (2017). Penguatan Kapasitas Forum Komunikasi Warga dalam Penanganan Konflik Sosial di Kabupaten Bandung. PEKSOS:Jurnal Ilmiah Pekerjaan Sosial, 16(2), 325–344.

Hoffmann, J. (2014). Conceptualising ‘communication for peace.’ Peacebuilding, 2(1), 100–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2013.866461

Joshi, B. (2022). Building “foundational” linkages between development communication and public relations: A collaborative communication approach to development. Public Relations Review, 48(1), 102140.

Key, A. M. H. V. S. (2016). Model Guyup Rembug dalam Penyelesaian Konflik: Pada Konflik Forpak dengan Karang Taruna di Desa Sidodadi. Translitera, (4), 1–16.

Kotarumalos, N. A. (2004). Tawuran: Kerusuhan atau perkelahian antar geng. Masyarakat, Jurnal Sosiologi, 13, 95–103.

KSJB. (2018). Paparan Kondisi Keamanan Menjelang Ramadhan 2018. Jakarta.

Kurniawan, D., & Syani, A. (2012). Faktor Penyebab, Dampak, dan Strategi Penyelesaian Konflik Antar Warga di Kecamatan Way Panji, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Jurnal Sosiologi, 15(1), 1–12.

Lesmana, T. (2020). Hubungan Harga Diri dan Prasangka Gender Dengan Kecenderungan Perilaku Cyberbullying Pelajar Jakarta. Jurnal Psikologi TALENTA, 5(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.26858/talenta.v5i1.9765

Listyawati, A. (2019). PERANAN FORUM KESERASIAN SOSIAL DALAM MENGATASI KONFLIK SOSIAL DI AMBON. 8(02), 88–100.

Löhr, K., Weinhardt, M., Graef, F., & Sieber, S. (2018). Enhancing communication and collaboration in collaborative projects through conflict prevention and management systems. Organizational Dynamics, 47(4), 259–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2017.10.004

Lumi, H. (2015). Peranan Pemerintah dalam Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Konflik Antar Kelompok (Suatu Study Di Kelurahan Teling Atas Kecamatan Wanea Kota Manado). Politico, 1–11. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/politico/article/download/10221/9808

Malik, I. (2017). Resolusi Konflik Jembatan Perdamaian. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas.

Mauliate, A. B., Nurlambang, T., & Ludiro, D. (2014). Wilayah tawuran dan wilayah damai tawuran Kecamatan Johar Baru, Jakarta Pusat. Universitas Indonesia.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, M. A., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Method Sourcebook (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication.

Monk, J. W. G. (2008). Practicing Narrative Mediation:Loosening the Grip of Conflict. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Moore, C. W. (2004). The Mediation Process:Practical Strategies for Resolving Conflict. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Mutisi, M. (2011). The Abunzi Mediation in Rwanda: Opportunities for Engaging with Traditional Institutions of Conflict Resolution. ACCORD-African Journal on Conflict Resolution, (012), 1–5.

Nomleni, K. E. J., Sumartias, S., & Setiawan, W. (2019). Komunikasi sosial pemerintah dalam penyebaran informasi perbatasan Negara Indonesia dan Timor Leste. Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, 7(2), 251. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v7i2.21348

Oktavia, R., I Gede Sumerta KY, & Hidayat, E. (2019). Peran pemerintah daerah dalam penyelesaian konflik antarwarga di kecamatan johar baru, jakarta pusat government role on the conflict resolution among residents in johar baru district, central jakarta. Jurnal Damai Dan Resolusi Konflik, 5(3), 1–18.

Ralahallo, R. N. (2009). Kultur damai berbasis tradisi pela dalam perspektif psikologi sosial. 36(2), 177–188.

Risa Fadila. (2014). Hubungan Identitas Sosial Dengan Perilaku Agresif Pada Geng Motor. Psikologia: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 8(2), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.32734/psikologia.v8i2.2774

Riza, F. (2018). Financial Development Dan Pengaruhnya Pada Pengeluaran Konsumsi Rumah Tangga Di Wilayah Indonesia Bagian Timur. National Conference of Creative Industry, (September), 5–6. https://doi.org/10.30813/ncci.v0i0.1275

Ruwaida, I. (2017). Merajut harmoni sosial. In D. I. Y. I. Ruwaida (Ed.), Perang tanpa alasan:Sebuah kajian sosiologis terhadap kasus tawuran di komunitas pemuda Johar Baru Jakarta Pusat (pp. 98–120). Jakarta: Pustaka Obor.

Saputra, D. Y. (2011). Pola, varian, dan persebaran konflik dan kekerasan di Indonesia (2008-2010). In A. Tohari (Ed.), Dinamika konflik dan kekerasan di Indonesia (pp. 1–51). Jakarta: Institut Titian Perdamaian.

Shea, N. (2016). Nongovernment organisations as mediators: Making peace in Aceh, Indonesia. Global Change, Peace and Security, 28(2), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2016.1162778

Simone, A., & Fauzan, A. U. (2012). Making security work for the majority: Reflections on two districts in Jakarta. City and Society, 24(2), 129–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-744X.2012.01072.x

Soeharto, B. W. (2013). Menangani konflik di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kata Hasta Pustaka.

Stake, R. E. (2009). Studi Kasus. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 299–315). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Sumarno, S. (2014). Problema dan resolusi konflik sosial di Kecamatan Johar Baru - Jakarta Pusat. Sosio Konsepsial, 3(2), 1–16.

Tadie, J. (2009). Wilayah kekerasan di Jakarta. Depok: Masup Jakarta.

Tadjoeddin, M. Z. (2002). Anatomy of social violence in the context of transition: The case of Indonesia, 1990-2001. Politics, Administration and Change, 38, 1–35.

Tadjoeddin, M. Z., Chowdhury, A., & Murshed, S. M. (2012). Routine Violence in Java, Indonesia: Neo-Malthusian and Social Justice Perspectives. In J. Scheffran, M. Brzoska, B. H. Günter, P. M. Link, & J. P. Schilling (Eds.), Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict (pp. 633–650). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Takács, K. (2003). Modeling Intergroup Conflict As Strategic Interactions. Review of Sociology, 9(2), 113–137. https://doi.org/10.1556/revsoc.9.2003.2.5

Vigil, J. D. (2003). Urban Violence and Street Gangs. Annual Review of Anthropology, 32(1), 225–242. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093426

Viso, A. F. (2014). Peace Communication for Social Change: Dealing With Violent Conflict. In R. O. Karin Gwinn Wilkins, Thomas Tufte (Ed.), The Handboook of Development Communication and Social Change. Chicester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell.

Wirutomo, P. (2016). Dealing with brawls in Jakarta’s slum area : Pursuing social development through social engagement . The Senshu Social Well-Being Review, 3(3), 93–109. https://doi.org/10.34360/00008030

Yin, R. K. (2009). Case Study Research : Design and Methods (Fourtth Ed). United States of America: SAGE Inc.

Yuliyanto. (2016). Penyelesaian konﬂik sosial (Studi kasus tawuran warga Berlan dengan Palmeriam). Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 16(4), 493–504.

Zakimbo, A. (2018). Strategi Pemerintah Kelurahan Bone-Bone Dalam Menangani Konflik Antar Kelompok Kecamatan Batupoaro Kota Baubau. Kybernan: Jurnal Studi Kepemerintahan, 3(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.35326/kybernan.v3i1.334

Collaborative Communication of Jakmania in Mediating Intergroup Conflict

Authors

DOI:

Keywords:

Abstract

References

Downloads

Published

Issue

Section

License

Current Issue

Language

Collaboration with: