Al-Attas and Hikayat Raja Pasai: A Source of Malay-Islamic Historiography

Authors

  • Syaidina Sapta Wilandra Magister Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v19i2.9185

Keywords:

Hikayat Raja Pasai, Historiography, Malay-Islam, Syed M. Naquib Al-Attas

Abstract

Hikayat Raja Pasai (The Chronicles of Pasai) is considered one of the oldest texts that tells about Islamization in the Malay-Indonesian region. According to other traditional historiography, this hikayat by Western scholars is often regarded as a story full of myths and very subjective so its credibility is judged to be reduced, even considered as a mere fantasy story. This opinion was rejected by Syed M. Naquib Al-Attas. According to him, the results of the interpretation of Western scholars were due to their biased worldview, so they built a secular historical research methodology. As a result, they consider traditional historical works such as Hikayat Raja Pasai to be only literary works. That's why Al-Attas then tried to re-interpretation the Hikayat Raja Pasai which is the oldest historiographical work that explains the process of Islamization in the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago. Among the results of his interpretation of this hikayat is that the name Samudra comes from the word semutraya, the process of Islamization mentioned in the hikayat has been going on since the 9th or 10th century AD and was brought by the Quraysh Arabs from Mengiri, Merah Silu is a fictional character, and Malik as-Saleh was not the first Muslim king from Samudra Pasai.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Al-Attas, Syed M. Naquib. Historical Fact and Fiction. Johor Baru: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Press, 2012.

———. Islam Dalam Sejarah Dan Kebudayaan Melayu. Bandung: Mizan, 1990.

———. Islam Dan Filsafat Sains. Bandung: Mizan, 1995.

———. Islam Dan Sekularisme. Kuala Lumpur: RZS-CASIS & HAKIM, 2020.

———. Preliminary Statement on a General Theory of the Islamization of the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago. Kuala Lumpur: Ta’dib International, 2018.

Album Nisan Samudera Pasai. Naggroe Aceh Darussalam: Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 2012. https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/12361/1/Album%20Nisan%20Samudera%20Pasai.pdf.

Azra, Azyumardi. Islam Nusantara: Jaringan Global Dan Lokal. Bandung: Mizan, 2002.

———. Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah & Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII & XVIII. Depok: Prenada Media, 2018.

Braginsky, Vladimir. The Heritage of Traditional Malay Literature A Historical Survey of Genres, Writings, And Literary Views. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2004.

Collins, Rebecca. “Concealing the Poverty of Traditional Historiography: Myth as Mystification in Historical Discourse.” Rethinking History 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2003): 341–65.

Daud, Wan Mohd Nor Wan. Filsafat Dan Praktik Pendidikan Islam Syed M. Naquib Al-Attas. Bandung: Mizan, 2003.

Denisova, Tatiana. “Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas’ Concept of History: Methods, Sources, and Contemporary Challenges.” In Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas: His Philosophical System and Conceptions of Humanity, History and Civilization. Kuala Lumpur: RZS-CASIS & HAKIM, 2022.

Emalia, Imas. Historiografi Indonesia: Sejak Masa Awal Sampai Masa Kontemporer. Jakarta: UIN Jakarta Press, 2006.

Eriyanto. Analisis Isi: Pengantar Metodologi Untuk Penelitian Ilmu Komunikasi Dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Lainnya. Jakarta: Kencana, 2015.

Gottschalk, Louis. Mengerti Sejarah. Jakarta: UI-Press, 2015.

Hill, A. H. “Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai: A Revised Romanised Version of Raffles MS 67, Together with an English Translation.” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 33, no. 190 (1960).

Hurgronje, Snouck. Aceh. Jakarta: Yayasan Soko Guru, 1985.

Ismail, Muhammad Gade. Pasai Dalam Perjalanan Sejarah: Abad Ke-13 Sampai Awal Abad Ke-16. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI, 1997.

Jones, Russel. “The Text of the Hikayat Raja Pasai: A Short Note.” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 53, no. 1 (1980).

Kartodirdjo, Sartono. Pendekatan Ilmu Sosial Dalam Metodologi Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Ombak, 2017.

Madjid, Dien. Metode Sejarah: Teori Dan Praktik. Jakarta: Kencana, 2021.

Madjid, Dien, and Johan Wahyudi. Ilmu Sejarah: Sebuah Pengantar. Jakarta: Kencana, 2014.

Mead, J. P. “A Romanized Version of the Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai.” Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, no. 66 (1914). http://www.jstor.org/stable/41561000.

Othman, Hussain. “Malay Muslim History as Seen by Western Colonialist.” World Journal of Islamic History and Civilization 1, no. 2 (2011).

Soedjatmoko, ed. An Introduction to Indonesian Historiography. Jakarta: Equinox Pub, 2007.

Sweeney, P. L. Amin. “The Connection between the Hikayat Raja2 Pasai and the Sejarah Melayu.” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 40, no. 2 (1967).

Winstedt, R. O. “The Chronicles of Pasai.” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 16, no. 2 (1938).

Downloads

Submitted

2022-12-27

Accepted

2023-11-22

Published

2023-11-28