TSAQAFAH

Transcendental Abundance: A Theo-cosmological Foundation of Islamic Economics

Nur Shadiq Sandimula — Wed, 20 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The modern Western civilization infused with the dominance of humanism and secularism has pushed religion away from being involved in scientific developments. The invested paradigm also devoted and flourished in conventional economics disciplines, and unfortunately, the concept is also attached to Islamic economics. One of the doctrines constructed is the cosmological doctrine, which declares that resources are limited and initiates the most fundamental economic problem, scarcity. This study aims to scrutinize the cosmological presupposition in economics by utilizing the Islamic worldview conceptualized by al-Attas. The method is a descriptive-philosophical examination with a thematic analysis approach. This research reveals that God plays an active role in all myriad layers of creation which necessitates His transcendental association with the cosmos. God has names and attributes that introduce his transcendent and immanent presence in the universe. Terms in the Qur'an such as rizq, ni'mah, minnah, ala', and al-fadhl semantically indicate God's transcendental abundant sustenance in the world. The theo-cosmological concept of the Islamic worldview revealed the reality of Islamic economics perceives that resources have an unlimited source of its transcendence.

Analysis of the Effect of Novel Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) Spreading Toward Sharia Stock Market in Indonesia

Arie Rachmat Sunjoto, Khoirul Umam, Miftahul Huda, Shafira Maisaroh Aribah — Wed, 20 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the influence of the spread of Novel Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19), the policies of Indonesian Government during pandemic (i.e. work from home, large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) and community activities restriction enforcement (PPKM), the movement of FTSE 100 and Nasdaq Composite indexes on Islamic stock market in Indonesia (represented by the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index). This study utilizes the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Impulse Response Function (IRF), and Forecast Error Correction Model (FEVD) approach, with the range data from September 2019 to November 2022. The results of this research indicates that the VECM test showed that Covid-19 case in Indonesia and the movement of FTSE 100 had a significant positive effect on ISSI in the long term. Meanwhile, in the short term, Covid-19 case in Indonesia and government policies have had a significant negative effect on ISSI. In the IRF test, this shows that the Covid-19 case in Indonesia and government policies during pandemic have had a significant negative effect on ISSI. Conversely, the movement of the FTSE 100 and Nasdaq Composite Index has a significant positive effect on ISSI. In the FEVD test, it can be seen that the biggest contribution to ISSI shock movement was the shock itself of 85.24% and was followed by government policies, the Covid-19 case, FTSE 100 and Nasdaq. This investigation use three variables in order to search the effect of these factors on the movement of sharia stock market in Indonesia. The stock market represented by Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI).

The Legal Politics of Formality and Substance of the Medina Constitution

Jamrud Zaman — Wed, 20 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The Medina Charter is considered the first constitution in the world because it has almost the same content as the modern constitution. So the study of the discussion of the history of the establishment of the Medina Charter, the politics of law, and the content of the material content is very necessary to be examined to be a material renewal of the modern constitution today. This research aims to be a comparative material with modern constitutions and as a material for constitutional reform in any country. This research is normative research with historical and comparative approaches. The data source of this research uses a literature study by tracing books and journals. While the data analysis method uses content analysis. The Medina Charter was formed by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. when he came to Medina to create peace and form a force to protect the city of Medina from outside attacks. The Medina Charter in the concept of Philippe Nonet and Philip Selznick's legal criteria includes responsive law because it contains characteristics, namely democratic making, equality in law, no partiality, made for public needs, and shared morality realized for the common good. The Medina Charter is said to be the first modern constitution in the world because its content is in line with modern constitutions, namely the protection of human rights, duties and obligations of citizens, politics of peace and unity, material provisions of the law, and state institutions.

The Myth of al-Ghazālī and Islamic Decline: A Historical Clarification and Review

Mahmuluddin — Wed, 20 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to investigate the causes of the decline of science in the Islamic world, considering three conventional theses proposed by liberal Muslim and Western intellectuals: internal and external factors. The first thesis attributes the decline to Al-Ghazālī’s supposed rejection of science as depicted in his Tahāfut al-falāsifa (The Incoherence of the Philosophers), followed by the Islamic world, leading to its decline. Meanwhile, the second thesis identifies the Mongol invasion of Baghdad in 1258 as the main cause. The last thesis stated that the decline causes by the banning of printing press by Ottoman Empire specifically at the time of Sultan Bayezid II in 1485 and Selim I in 1515. Applying historical analysis method, this research seeks to uncover the truth behind these theses by examining relevant literature. Surprisingly, the results contradict the initial assumptions. The first thesis is rejected as Al-Ghazālī did not reject science but rather supported it. His views were misunderstood by his detractors. Additionally, after the Al-Ghazali era, science and philosophy continued to thrive in the Islamic world. Similarly, the second thesis is also refuted as science and philosophy persisted and developed despite the Mongol invasion of Baghdad. Within a year of the invasion, the Maragha Observatory was established under the guidance of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, a renowned Muslim scientist. This observatory became a global scientific hub, making significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy. The final proposition is similarly dismissed, as the Ottoman Sultans did not categorically dismiss the concept of the printing press; instead, they opted for a temporary restriction on its utilization within particular societal segments. This action was motivated by the apprehension that unrestricted access to the printing press among specific groups could possibly result in adverse political and economic outcomes for the larger Muslim community. To offer an alternative perspective, this study utilizes Janet Abu-Lughod’s European hegemonic approach, stemming from Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-system theory. By applying this approach, the author argues that the waning of scientific advancement in the Islamic world can be traced back to Western hegemony and its dominance over the Muslim realm.

Kiai Nur Iman’s Heritage: Reading the Sunny Muthalib on The Soul Purification

Dzulkifli Hadi Imawan — Wed, 20 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Kyai Nur Iman was one of the great scholars who was influential in the spread of Islam in Java in the 18th-19th century AD. As the son of King Amangkurat IV, Kyai Nur Iman prefers to dedicate his life to teaching the Islamic religion and teaching the concepts of soul purification to society. One of his works examines the purification of the soul entitled the book al-Sunni al-Muthalib. This book is still in the form of a manuscript stored in Pesantren Salimiyah Mlangi in Yogyakarta. This manuscript needs to be scholarly examined because it was written by a 19th century AD scholar who tried to combine two sciences, namely the science of Arabic (nahwu); arabic grammar, and the science of tasawwuf; moral sciene. This study aims to reveal the concept of soul purification explained by Kyai Nur Iman in the manuscriptal-Sunni al-Muttalib. This research method is qualitative research using literature review with historical analysis to explain the concept of soul purification according to Kyai Nur Iman then explains the biography of Kyai Nur Iman. The results of this research explain that the concept of tazkiyah nafs according to Kyai Nur Iman in the book Asna al-mathalib starts with knowing Allah, knowing Rasulullah SAW, and getting to know things that can purify the soul such us repentance, inabah, asceticism, tawakkal, tafwidl, happy and sincere and defile it such us namimah, ghibah, greed, riya', sum'ah, arrogant, ujub, wicked, exposing others' shame, immorality, blasphemy, and wishful thinking.

Bhineka Tunggal Ika and Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy's Indonesian Moderate Fiqh

Wed, 20 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Before Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy, Indonesian fiqh was predominantly characterized by a rigid and blind imitation (taqlid) rigidly adopting interpretations from Islamic schools in regions such as the Hijaz, Egypt, and India. These foreign teachings often lacked relevance to Indonesia's cultural context, causing friction between Islamic jurisprudence and local customary law (hukum adat). In response, Hasbi developed an Indonesian fiqh that integrated local traditions, aligning with the national motto Bhineka Tunggal Ika, which UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres praised as crucial for a harmonious future in Southeast Asia. This approach fosters unity through the respectful recognition of cultural diversity. This study explores how sustaining Bhineka Tunggal Ika can be achieved through religious moderation based on Indonesian fiqh, particularly focusing on Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy. Employing qualitative research, the study utilized a literature review and thematic content analysis through four steps: data collection (gathering relevant information), data reduction (filtering out irrelevant data), data display (visually organizing key themes), and inference (synthesising findings to address research questions). This study reveal that Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy's Indonesian fiqh approach strengthens religious moderation by integrating universal Islamic principles with local traditions and promoting peaceful conflict resolution, while being consistent with national regulations-Presidential Regulation 58/2023 and Minister of Religion Regulation 3/2024-that promote unity in diversity and foster social cohesion in Indonesia. Therefore, Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy's Indonesian fiqh modernizes Islamic law by integrating maslahah (public welfare) and urf (cultural practices), moving beyond rigid taqlid, and deserves recognition as a vital source for strengthening religious moderation and sustaining Bhineka Tunggal Ika in Indonesia.

On becoming and being an Entrepreneur: Revisiting Hamka’s Lembaga Budi

Rahmad Hakim — Wed, 20 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Entrepreneurship is a type of work that is very interesting and challenging with lots of competition. However, in order to become a successful entrepreneur, some capital and skills are required. This study aims to find out the skills that entrepreneurs need to have in starting a business in Hamka's work entitled Lembaga Budi. Primary and secondary data were collected from Hamka's works and other works that have a focus relevant to this research. The data collected was analyzed using content data analysis, namely by combining topics relevant to entrepreneurship. The results of this study reveal, according to Hamka, that to become a successful entrepreneur, at least several important things are needed, namely: knowledge related to entrepreneurship, self-confidence, great will, work and time planning, focus on the company or job, the role of government in the entrepreneurial sector, the importance maintaining trust, maintaining product or service quality, conducting market research, promotion strategies and excellent service to customers. The results of this study contribute to enriching discourse in entrepreneurship, especially in Islamic entrepreneurship and the role of ethics in business.

Understanding ChatGPT: A Worldview Study

Wed, 20 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study compares the Islamic worldview, which emphasizes religious authority and intuition as sources of knowledge, and the contemporary worldview, which focuses on rationalism and empiricism. From the Islamic perspective, the tradition of khabar shadiq, which is based on revelation and religious authority, serves as the foundation of knowledge, differing from the Western view that relies more on the scientific method and various data sources, including big data. Modern technology, such as ChatGPT, which utilizes big data, raises ethical and epistemological questions in the Islamization of science. ChatGPT itself faces limitations in its knowledge, while big data often encounters issues of inaccuracy and bias. Therefore, serious consideration is needed regarding ethics in developing and using technology like ChatGPT and its alignment with Islamic values in modern technology. This study highlights the importance of considering epistemological and ethical issues in modern technology to ensure a positive contribution to the advancement of Islamic civilization while maintaining the integrity of values from the Islamic worldview perspective.

Revisiting KH Muafi Ali Zaini's Legacy: 'Modernization' of Islamic Boarding School in Sampang

Sun, 24 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study explores the transformation of Islamic boarding school education, focusing on two key aspects: revitalization and modernization. Revitalization involves renewing educational programs to enhance their effectiveness, while modernization refers to evolving the Islamic education system to improve its quality. The research aims to analyze the historical leadership of Kyai Muafi Zaini in these movements, assess community responses to the changes, and evaluate the outcomes for alumni and the broader community. Utilizing qualitative historical research methods heuristic data collection, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography the study verifies data through credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability checks. Findings reveal that Kyai Muafi Zaini, a prominent figure born in 1947 and deceased in 2006, played a significant role in revitalizing and modernizing Islamic boarding school education, particularly in Sampang Regency. He was a charismatic leader who established several formal educational institutions, including MTs Nazhatut Thullab and SMA Nazhatut Thullab. Through these institutions, he implemented significant transformation efforts that not only contributed to the improvement of community welfare but also played a crucial role in changing the local perception of education in Sampang. Zaini's contributions were pivotal in enhancing the quality of education in the region, as well as in shifting the negative stigma traditionally associated with Islamic education. His vision and dedication fostered a learning environment that encouraged academic excellence and personal growth. His legacy as a committed scholar and influential community leader continues to inspire and shape the educational landscape, ensuring that future generations benefit from the foundation he helped create.

Kafaah and Marriage in Jahily and Early Islam (Studies in the History of Islamic Law)

Ahmad Muzakki, Roibin Roibin, Muhammad Muhammad — Wed, 27 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Knowing the background to the emergence of a law, the reasons for establishing a sharia law and the history of the formation of the law is an important thing to study.The purpose of this study is to provide readers with an understanding that the application of kafaah in marriage has a long history starting from the Arab Jahiliyah era to the era of the madzhab scholars.This research is in the form of library research, where the tasyri` date books and Islamic history books are the main materials for data exploration. The results of this study indicate thatLineage played a central role in marriage in pre-Islamic Jahiliyya Arab society. In the highly tribal and family-oriented society of Jahiliyya Arab society, lineage was a determinant of social status, protection, political alliances, and inheritance rights.The arrival of the Prophet Muhammad with the religion of Islam brought significant changes in the views of Arab society towards kafaah nasab. Islamic teachings emphasize equality among all human beings before God, thus shifting the focus from nasab as the main factor in marriage to be more inclusive, emphasizing other aspects such as religion and morality. The arrival of the Prophet Muhammad with the religion of Islam brought significant changes in the Arab community's view of kafaah nasab. Islam still maintains kafaah, but with more humane criteria. Kafaah is a tradition that existed before Islam and was continued by Islam. Islamic teachings emphasize equality among all human beings before God, thus shifting the focus from nasab as the main factor in marriage to be more inclusive, emphasizing other aspects such as religion and morality. Subsequent developments during the time of the ulama' madzhab kafaah emerged as a logical necessity of the existing legal rules of marriage, balancing the arguments for the benefit of marriage and the principle of egalitarianism in response to the social conditions in each region and the evolving legal logic.

Wahbah Zuhaily on Riqāb: Reshaping its Implementation in South Sulawesi

Hukmiah Husain, Ma'adul Yaqien Makkarateng, Muh. Arafah, Hamsah Hasan — Wed, 27 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This article examines the contemporary interpretation of riqāb (emancipation of slaves) as a category for zakat recipients, as articulated by Wahbah al-Zuḥaylī, a prominent Islamic jurist. While slavery is no longer a widespread institution, al-Zuḥaylī's reinterpretation of riqāb holds significant implications for addressing modern social issues, particularly those related to poverty and marginalization in South Sulawesi. The study explores potential avenues for zakat distribution to support initiatives that align with the essence of riqāb, such as education, skill development, and debt relief. By applying al-Zuḥaylī's perspective, this research contributes to a broader understanding of zakat's role in social upliftment in the region. This research adopts a qualitative approach, relying primarily on textual analysis and interpretation of al-Zuḥaylī's jurisprudence regarding zakat and riqāb. Secondary sources, including academic articles, reports, and policy documents, are also employed to contextualize the findings within the socioeconomic landscape of South Sulawesi. Reinterpreting the Islamic concept of riqāb in the modern context offers profound implications for both Islamic thought and contemporary society, facilitating a more inclusive and dynamic understanding of zakat’s potential to address pressing social challenges.