Revisiting Islamic Legal Politics under the New Order: Insights from Islamic Civilizational Thought

Authors

  • Zulkifli Nas Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V, Medan Estate, Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, 20371
  • Heri Firmansyah Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V, Medan Estate, Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, 20371

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v21i2.11367

Keywords:

Islamic Politics, Islamic Law, New Order Legislation, Influence, New Order

Abstract

The New Order era marked a new chapter in Indonesian politics. During this period, the relationship between Islam and the state experienced a dynamic of ebb and flow. This study aims to identify and analyze the political influences on the legislation of Islamic law, and to explain why the New Order, which was initially hostile to political Islam, ultimately accommodated Muslim aspirations. This research employs a library-based study approach, tracing and analyzing data from books, journals, and secondary sources related to the politics of Islamic law during the New Order. A historical-analytical approach is used to examine the chronology of relevant events and political dynamics. The study finds that the legislation of Islamic law during the New Order was shaped by three key factors: first, a renewal in Islamic political thought from a confrontational, formalistic approach to a substantive, accommodative one; second, the strengthening political role of the Muslim community within the state's power structure; and third, a change in the New Order's internal political configuration, specifically the weakening of President Soeharto's control over the military, which prompted him to seek a new political alliance with the Muslim community as a base of support. The result of this interaction was the legislation of four legal products that aligned with the interests of the Muslim community: the National Education System Law, the Religious Courts Law, the Compilation of Islamic Law, and the establishment of Bank Muamalat Indonesia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdul Aziz Thaba. (1996). Islam and the State in the Politics of the New Order. Studia Islamika: Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies, 3(2), 57–85.

Abdul Aziz Thaba. (2000). Islam dan Negara dalam Politik Orde Baru. Gema Insani Press.

Abdul Haris Nasution. (1974). 17 Oktober dalam rangaka proses mencari Posisi TNI dalam Kehidupan Bernegara. Stensilan.

Abdul Munir Mulkan. (n.d.). Perubahan Prilaku Politik dan Polaritas Umat Islam. Rajawali Pers.

Abdurrahman Wahid. (1989). ”Pribumisasi Islam”, dalam Muntaha Azhari dan Abdul Muin Saleh, Islam di Indonesia Menetap Masa Depan. P3M.

Abuddin Nata. (2001). Peta Keragaman Pemikiran Islam di Indonesia. PT.RajaGrafindo Persada.

Afan Gaffar. (1992). Javanese Voters, A Case Study of Election Under Hegemonic Party Sistem. Gadjah Mada University Press.

Ahmad Warson Munawwir. (1997). Al-Munawwir Kamus Arab-Indonesia. Pustaka Progressif.

Alfian. (1998). Format Baru Politik Indonesia. Indonesia Magazine, 24, 53.

Aminuddin,. (1999). Kekuatan Islam dan Pergulatan Kekuasaan di Indonesia, Sebelum dan Sesudah runtuhnya Rezim Soeharto. Pustaka Pelajar.

Aqib Suminto. (1986). Politik Islam Hindia Belanda. LP3ES.

Bachtiar Effendy. (2011). Islam dan Negara, Transformasi Pemikiran dan Praktik Politik Islam di Indonesia. Paramadina.

B.J. Boland. (1985). Pergumulan Islam di Indonesia, terj. Syafruddin Bahar. Grafiti Press.

Busman Edyar. (2021). Legislasi Hukum Islam Pada Masa Pemerintahan Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004-2014). CND Barokah.

Daniel S. Lev. (1990). Law and Politics in Indonesia: Continuity and Change. Journal of Asian Studies, 49(4), 1083–1085.

Harold Crouch. (1978). The Army and Politics in Indonesia. Cornell University Press.

John M. Echols, & Hassan Shadily. (2003). Kamus Inggris Indonesia. PT. Gramedia.

Juwono Sudarsono. (1987, Desember). Integrasi, Demokrasi dan Pembangunan Politik. Kompas.

Kholisya, U. (2023). Peristiwa Tanjung Priok 1984 (Sebuah Gerakan Sosial). Chronologia, 5(2), 102–117. https://doi.org/10.22236/jhe.v5i2.13263

M. Syafi’i Anwar. (1995). Pemikiran dan Aksi Islam di Indonesia, Sebuah Kajian Politik Tentang Cendikiawan Muslim Orde Baru,. Paramadina.

Mahfud MD. (n.d.). Politik Hukum di Indonesia. Rajawali Pers.

Masykuri Abdillah. (1998). Demokrasi di Persimpangan Makna, Respon Intelektual Muslim Indonesia Terhadap Konsep Demokrasi (1966-1993). Tiara Wacana Yogya.

Media, K. C. (2023, July 4). Kronologi Peristiwa Talangsari di Lampung 1989. KOMPAS.com. https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2023/07/04/120000479/kronologi-peristiwa-talangsari-di-lampung-1989-

Michael R.J. Vatikiotis. (1993). Indonesian Politics Under Soeharto: Order, Development and Pressure of Change. Routledge.

Mohammad Daud Ali. (1997). Hukum Islam dan Peradilan Agama. Rajawali Pers.

Mohammad Hifdil Islam. (2018). Islamic Law in Indonesia (Tradition, Thought, Political Law and Legal Products. Asy-Syari’ah, 4(1), 31–50.

Mohtar Mas’oed. (1990). Perubahan Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Politik Selama Orde Baru”, dalam Akhmad Zaini Abar (ed), Beberapa Aspek Pembangunan Orde Baru, Esai-Esai dari Fisipol Bulaksumur. Ramadhan.

Munawir Sjadzali. (1996). Relevansi Hukum Keluarga Islam dengan Kebutuhan Masa Kini dalam Dimensi Hukum Islam dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional. Gema Insani Press.

Nasrun Harun. (2001). Ensiklopedi Hukum Islam. PT Ichtiar Baru van Hoeve.

Nurcholish Madjid. (1993). Islam, Kemodernan, dan Keindonesiaan. Mizan.

Nurkholis Majid. (1984). Keharusan Pembaharuan Pemikiran Islam dan Masalah Integrasi Umat. LP3ES.

Okrisal Eka Putra. (2008). Hubungan islam dan Politik Masa Orde Baru. Jurnal Dakwah, IX(2).

Pagar. (2007). Pembaharuan hukum Islam Indonesiam Kajian Terhadap Sisi Keadilan Ahli Waris Pengganti dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Cita Pustaka Media.

Pratama, A. N., & Sodiq, I. (2019). Sejarah Pengeboman Candi Borobudur Tahun 1985: Tinjauan Sejarah Sosial Politik di Indonesia.

Raditya, I. N. (2018, January 26). Soeharto dan Isu Agama di Tubuh Tentara. tirto.id. https://tirto.id/soeharto-dan-isu-agama-di-tubuh-tentara-cDNa

Robert W. Hefner. (1995). ICMI dan Perjuangan Menuju Kelas Menengah Indonesia. Tiara Wacana Yogya.

Subhi Mahmasani. (1981). Falsafah al-Tasyri’ fi al-Islam, terj. Ahmad Sudjono. Al-Maarif.

Tempo. (1990, Mei). Halal-Haramnya Kebulatan Tekad. 22–28.

Tempo. (1991, Nopember). Bank dengan Agunan Amanah. Tempo.

Thabroni. (1994). Islam Pluralitas Budaya dan Politik. Press Yogyakarta.

Warkum Sumitro. (1996). Asas-Asas Perbankan Islam dan Lembaga-Lembaga Terkait, BMUI & Takaful di Indonesia. PT. RajaGrafindo Persada.

Yuni Rosalili. (2009). Formalisasi Hukum Pidana Islam di Indonesia. UIN Jakarta.

Zuhairini. (1997). Sejarah Pendidikan Islam. Bumi Aksara.

Submitted

2023-12-26

Accepted

2025-12-06

Published

2025-11-25