Jurnalisme Warga sebagai Fifth Estate: Potret Kaum Marginal

Authors

  • Irawati Diah Astuti Universitas Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21111/ejoc.v7i2.8140

Keywords:

bali, fifth estate, jurnalisme warbale bengong, jurnalisme warga, kaum marginal, media digital, ga, bale bengong, citizen journalism, digital media, marginalized people

Abstract

AbstrakMedia cenderung menjadikan kelompok marginal sebagai objek pemberitaan yang mengedepankan sensasi. Masalah mereka baru tersentuh ketika berkaitan dengan tragedi karena media lebih memberi tempat bagi narasumber elit seperti para pejabat, aparat, dan tokoh dari kelompok mayoritas. Dengan mengabaikan berita-berita seputar masyarakat marginal, media pun kian menjauh dari fungsi utamanya sebagai pilar keempat demokrasi Tak heran jika kemudian masyarakat memiliki krisis kepercayaan kepada media massa untuk isu-isu kaum marginal. Mereka lantas mencari cara untuk menciptakan ruang-ruang baru untuk menyuarakan masalah-masalah mengenai kaum marginal, salah satunya adalah melalui jurnalisme warga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kehadiran jurnalisme warga sebagai perwujudan fifth estate, sebuah konsep dari William H. Dutton yang menyebutkan bahwa media sosial dan internet berfungsi menghadirkan bentuk akuntabilitas demokrasi baru. Pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah kualitatif dengan strategi penelitian studi kasus dan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, analisis isi, dan studi literatur. Subjek penelitian di sini adalah portal berita Bale Bengong yang fokus pada isu seputar masyarakat Bali dengan pemimpin redaksi Bale Bengong sebagai informan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa Bale Bengong menjalankan kelima strategi dalam fifth estate dalam memotret masyarakat marginal yakni 1) searching, 2) creating, 3) distributing/leaking, 4) networking, dan 5) collective intelligence. Untuk menjaga akuntabilitas sebagai media yang mengusung konsep jurnalisme warga, Bale Bengong tetap menghadirkan jurnalis profesional sebagai gatekeeper berita.  AbstractThe media tends to make marginalized people as objects of news that puts forward sensation. They are only highlighted in the media when it comes to tragedy because the media gives more space to elite sources such as the government officials and figures from the majority group. By ignoring news about marginalized communities, the media is moving away from its main function as the fourth estate. It is not surprising then that people have a trust issue in the mass media, especially for issues of the marginalized. They look for ways to create new spaces to voice problems regarding these groups, one of which is through citizen journalism. This study analyzes the presence of citizen journalism as the embodiment of the fifth estate, a concept from William H. Dutton stating that the internet serve to present a new form of democratic accountability. It uses qualitative approach with case study as the research strategies and data collection methods in the form of interviews, content analysis, and literature studies. The subject of this research is the Bale Bengong news portal which focuses on issues surrounding Balinese society with editor-in-chief Bale Bengong as the informant. The results of the study found that Bale Bengong carried out all five strategies in the fifth estate in portraying marginalized communities, namely 1) searching, 2) creating, 3) distributing/leaking, 4) networking, and 5) collective intelligence. To maintain accountability as a media that carries the concept of citizen journalism, Bale Bengong employs professional journalists as news gatekeepers.

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Published

2022-12-31