PAPARAN DEBU DAN RISIKO GANGGUAN FUNGSI PERNAFASAN PADA PEKERJA DI INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN BIJIH MINERAL: TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS

Penulis

  • Arif Susanto Magister Terapan Keselamatan Kesehatan Kerja, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Health Safety Environmental Department, Concentrating Division, PT Freeport Indonesia
  • Muhamad Rizky Yudhiantara Program Studi Magister Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Health Safety Environmental Department, Concentrating Division, PT Freeport Indonesia
  • Edi Karyono Putro Program Doktor Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik Sipil-Perencanaan-Kebumian, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia; Health Safety Environmental Department, Concentrating Division, PT Freeport Indonesia
  • Prayoga Kara Health Safety Environmental Department, Concentrating Division, PT Freeport Indonesia
  • Anthony Andorful Manuel Technical Services Department, Concentrating Division, PT Freeport Indonesia
  • Nurulia Hidayah Magister Terapan Keselamatan Kesehatan Kerja, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21111/jihoh.v9i1.12557

Kata Kunci:

Debu respirabel; Pajanan Debu; Penurunan fungsi pernafasan; Pengolahan bijih mineral

Abstrak

Pengolahan bijih mineral melibatkan beberapa proses yang menghasilkan debu, seperti penggilingan, penghancuran, dan flotasi. Debu yang dihasilkan, terutama partikel berukuran <10 μm, dapat terhirup dan terdeposit di paru-paru, sehingga berisiko menyebabkan penurunan fungsi pernafasan. Namun, berbagai faktor dapat mempengaruhi tingkat efek paparan debu terhadap kesehatan pekerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode tinjauan literatur sistematis, menggunakan kata kunci “mineral ore processing”, “dust exposure”, dan “impaired lung function”. Pada basis data ilmiah seperti Science Direct, Google Scholar, dan ProQuest. Artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2024 menjadi fokus kajian. Hasil pemetaan literatur berdasarkan PRISMA-ScR menunjukkan sebanyak 15 artikel ilmiah relevan telah dianalisis. Penelitian ini mengkonfirmasi bahwa debu di industri pengolahan bijih mineral menjadi risiko kesehatan pernafasan yang signifikan bagi pekerja. Paparan debu dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan dari penurunan fungsi pernafasan hingga Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronis (PPOK). Komposisi kimia dan konsentrasi debu respirabel yang bervariasi, serta faktor lingkungan seperti kelembaban dan arah angin, turut mempengaruhi tingkat pajanan debu terhadap pekerja. Oleh karena itu, pengendalian debu secara efektif pada sumbernya dan penerapan manajemen risiko yang baik menjadi sangat penting untuk mengurangi paparan debu terhadap pekerja dan mencegah terjadinya penurunan fungsi pernapasan.

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Diterbitkan

2024-10-29

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Vol 9 No 1 (2024): Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health

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Articles

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