Tawhid sebagai Prinsip Primordial Peradaban Islam: Studi Pemikiran Isma’il Raji al-Faruqi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.3289Keywords:
Keywords, Tauhid, Ismail Raji al-Faruqi, Islam, Knowledge, Civilization.Abstract
Abstract Ismail Raji al-Faruqi is known as a contemporary Muslim scholar who played an important role and instigator the idea of the Islamization of contemporary science. To realize the idea of the Islamization of contemporary science, al-Faruqi sparked the founding of the International of Islamic Thought (IIIT) centered in the United States. Al-Faruqi is not only well known for his ideas in the arena of thought but also authored a book titled “Al-Tawḥîd: Its Implications for Thought and Life". In this book al-Faruqi describes the principle of tawhîd as the principle of the revival of the ummah. However, this principle began to be eroded and shaken by the understanding of a secular-liberal modern society. For al-Faruqi, the concept of tawḥîd is a primordial element as the true identity of civilization. Bearing in mind the identity of civilization, tawḥîd must be understood as a universal concept that is able to make a major contribution to the revival of Islamic civilization in the past. There are thirteen principles of tauhîd explained by al-Faruqi. All of these principles are inherently interrelated to one another. In connection with the writing of this paper, the author focuses his analysis and discussion on four main principles with the assumption that allows a deeper study. The four principles that the writer will describe are; first the principle of tawḥîd as a worldview. Second, tawḥîd as the principle of knowledge. Third, tawḥîd as a family principle that means the family in Islam has a support that is Islamic law which is determined by tawḥîd and Islamic religious experience. Fourth, tawḥîd as a metaphysical principle. This paper tries to explore the ideas of al-Faruqi in the frame of the analysis of the interrelation of the four principles in an effort to refresh the detention of Muslims in the path of realizing Islamic civilization. Keywords: Tawhid, Ismail Raji al-Faruqi, Islam, Knowledge, Civilization. AbstrakIsmail Raji al-Faruqi dikenal sebagai cendekiawan Muslim kontemporer yang berperan besar dalam menggagas ide Islamisasi Ilmu pengetahuan kontemporer. Untuk merealisasikan gagasan Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan kontemporer, al-Faruqi mencetus berdirinya International of Islamic Thought (IIIT) berpusat di Amerika Serikat. Tidak hanya itu, al-Faruqi juga mengarang sebuah buku dengan judul “Al-Tawhîd: Its Implications for Thought and Life”. Di dalam buku tersebut al-Faruqi mengurai prinsip tawḥîd sebagi asas kebangkitan ummah. Namun prinsip tersebut mulai tergerus dan tergoyah oleh paham masyarakat modern yang sekuler-liberal. Bagi al-Faruqi, konsep tawḥîd merupakan unsur primordial sebagai identitas peradaban yang sebenarnya. Mengingat sebagai identitas peradaban, maka tawḥîd harus dipahami sebagai konsep universal yang mampu memberikan kontribusi besar bagi tegaknya kembali peradaban Islam masa silam. Terdapat tiga belas prinsip tawḥîd yang dipaparkan al-Faruqi. Semua prinsip tersebut adalah inheren saling terkait satu sama lain. Kaitannya dengan penulisan makalah ini, penulis memfokuskan analisa dan pembahasan pada empat prinsip pokok dengan asumsi memungkinkan dilakukan kajian lebih mendalam. Keempat prinsip yang akan penulis urai ialah, pertama prinsip tawḥîd sebagai pandangan dunia (worldview). Kedua, tawḥîd sebagai prinsip pengetahuan. Ketiga, tawḥîd sebagai prinsip keluarga yang bermakna keluarga dalam Islam mempunyai penopang yaitu hukum Islam yang dideterminasi oleh tawḥîd dan pengalaman agama Islam. Keempat, tawḥîd sebagai prinsip metafisika. Makalah ini mencoba mengupas gagasan al-Faruqi dalam bingkai analisis keterkaitan empat prinsip tersebut dalam upaya menyegarkan pemahanan kaum Muslimin dalam meniti jalan mewujudkan kembali peradaban Islam. Kata Kunci: Tawhîd, Ismail Raji al-Faruqi, Islam, Pengetahuan, Peradaban.Downloads
References
Acikgence, Alparslan. Lahirnya Tradisi Keilmuan dalam Islam, (Jakarta Selatan: INSISTS, 2019).Al-Faruqi, Isma’il Raji. Seni Tauḥîd; Esensi dan Ekspresi Estetika Islam, Terj. Hartono Hadikusumo, (Yogyakarta: Yayasan Bentang Budaya, 1999).________. Tawḥîd, Terj. Rammani Astuti, (Bandung: Pustaka, 1988).________, dan Lois Lamya al-Faruqi, Atlas Budaya Islam: Menjelajah Khazanah Peradaban Gemilang, (Bandung: Mizan, 2002).________. al-Tawhid: Its Implementations for Thought and Life. (Wynccote USA: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1982).________. Tawhid Its Implication for Thought and Life. Terj. Rammani Astuti. (Bandung: Pustaka, 1988)Al-Kathany, Abdallah H. The Universality of Islam, (Beirut: Dâr-al Moayyad, 1995).Al-Maududi, Abul ‘Ala. Prinsip-prinsip Islam, Terj. Abdullah Suhaili, (Bandung: al-Ma’arif, 1975).Al-Sirjani, Raghib. Mâdzâ Qaddama al-Muslimûna li al-‘Ȃlam Ishâmât al-Muslimîn fî al-Hadhârah al-Insâniyah. Terj, Sonif. Lc. Sumbangan Peradaban Islam pada Dunia, (Jakarta Timur: Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2011).Al-Utsaimin, Muhammad bin Shalih. Syarḥ Tsalâtsah al-Ushûl, (Riyâdh: Dâr al-Tsuryâ li al-Nasyr, 2004).Al-Wahab, Muhammad bin ‘Abd. Kasyf al-Syubhât, (Riyadh: Mu‘assasah al-Nûr).Bakar, Osman. Tauhid and Science; Essays on the History and Philosophy of Islamic Science. Terj. Yuliani Lipoto, Tauhid dan Sains; Esai-esai Sejaran dan Filsafat Sains Islam, (Bandung: Pustaka Hidayah, 1995).Basya, Ahmad Fuad. Sumbangan Keilmuan Islam pada Dunia, (Jakarta Timur: Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2015).Dzulhadi, Qosim Nursheha. “Islam Sebagai Agama dan Peradaban”, dalam Tsaqafah, Vol. II, Nomor. I, (Gontor: Universitas Darussalam Gontor, 2015).Esposito, John L. Dunia Islam Modern, (Bandung: Mizan, 2001).Ferm, Vergilius. Living School of Religion, (New Jersey: Littlefield Adams Co, 1961).Fuller, Graham E. A World Without Islam, (New York: Hachette Book Group, 2010).Gibb, H.A.R. Muhammadanism, (New York City: Riney Halt Pyblishing Company, 1995).Hameed, Hakeem Abdul. Aspek-aspek Pokok Agama Islam, Terj. Ruslan Shiddieq, (Jakarta: Dunia Pustaka Jaya, 1983).http://www.ismailfaruqi.com/ (Diakses 18 July, 2019).https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Raji_Al-Faruqi (Diakses pada, 15 November 2018) 10:04.https://ismailfaruqi.com/articles/essence-islamic-civilization/#identifier_2_129 (Diakses 17 July 2019).Huntington, Samuel. The Clash of Civilization, (New York: Simon & Scuster 1996). Vitria, Vita. “Konflik Peradaban Samuel P. Huntington: Kebangkitan Islam yang Dirisaukan” dalam HUMANIKA, Vol. 9 No. 1, (Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, 2009).Husaini, Adian. Wajah Peradaban Barat: Dari Hegemoni Kristen ke Dominasi Sekular-Liberal, (Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2005).Inayah, Firda. Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic Epistemology, (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, 2006).________. Tauhid sebagai Prinsip Ilmu pengetahuan (Isma’il Raji al-Faruqi), Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic Epistemology. Univ. Muhammadiyah Surakarta, May 24th 2016.Kamaluddin, Laode M. On Islamic Civilization: Menyalakan kembali Lentera Perdaban Islam yang Sempat Padam, (Semarang: Unissula Press, 2010).Khaldun, al-Allamah Abdurrahman Ibnu, al-Muqaddimah, (Beirut: Dar al-KitabAl-‘Arabi, 2001).Naik, Zakir. The Answers to Non-Muslim’s Common Question about Islam, Terj. Noor Cholis, Debat Islam Vs Non-Muslim: Argumen Cerdas Zakir Naik Membuat Orang Tercengang Bahkan Masuk Islam, (Solo: Aqwam, 2016).Quthb, Sayyid. al-Mustaqbal lihâdzâ al-Dîn, (Cairo: Maktabah Alwahbah, 1954).Sardar, Ziauddin. Jihad Intelektual; Merumuskan parameter-parameter Sains Islam, (Surabaya: Risalah Gusti, 1998).Sharif, M. M. (ed.), A History of Muslim Philosophy, (Otto Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden, 1963).Taimiyah, Ibnu. al-Risâlah, (Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islâmi, 1391).Wan Daud, Wan Mohd Nor. Budaya Ilmu; Makna dan Manifestasi dalam Sejarah dan Masa Kini, (Malaysia: Pusat Pengkajian Tinggi Islam, Sains dan Peradaban [CASIS], 2019).Yazdi, Muhammad Taqi Misbah. Filsafat Tauhid, Terj. M. Habin Wicaksana, (Bandung: Mizan, 2003).Zarkasyi, Hamid Fahmy. Peradaban Islam: Makna dan Strategi Pembangunannya, (Ponorogo: Center for Islamic and Occidental Studies [CIOS], 2015).
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
Issue
Section
License
The author whose published manuscript approved the following provisions:
- The right of publication of all material published in the journal / published in the Tsaqafah is held by the editorial board with the knowledge of the author (moral rights remain the author of the script).
- The formal legal provisions for access to digital articles of this electronic journal are subject to the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), which means that Tsaqafah reserves the right to save, transmit media or format, Database), maintain, and publish articles without requesting permission from the Author as long as it keeps the Author's name as the owner of Copyright.
- Printed and electronic published manuscripts are open access for educational, research and library purposes. In addition to these objectives, the editorial board shall not be liable for violations of copyright law.
- It is a serious offense for anyone to publish any article of Tsaqafah without permission.