Penalaran Profetik Perspektif Ibnu Taimiyyah (Kritik Ibnu Taimiyyah Terhadap Silogisme Yunani)

Authors

  • Isman Saleh STIPER Muhammadiyah Tanah Grogot

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v15i2.3006

Keywords:

Prophetic Reasoning, Syllogism Criticism, Knowledge Style

Abstract

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore Ibnu Taymiya's critique of the speculative style of syllogistic rationality which is currently undergoing an epistemological disclaimer because it is alienate from transcendence and humanitarian values. The criticism is mainly for two things namely negative propositions in syllogism limiting the metaphysical dimension, and negative propositions are accept as procedural consensus truths not because of empirical facts. Syllogism in the view of Ibnu Taymiyya only produced hypothetical conceptual knowledge. In a syllogistic rule that is rely upon is the inferential procedure which results in statements that are not contradictory or tautological. However, Ibnu Taymiyya's view proved inaccurate, especially on the principle of implication, causality and consistency. Ibnu Taymiyya proposed analogical reasoning (qiyâs) which is one of the ushûliyyah reasoning models for constructing inferences based on axiomatic texts based on text (bayânî) and facts (burhani). Prophetic reasoning rules are construct in two steps, namely analogical assessment (tashdîq) and inference methods based on eliminative deduction.Keywords: Ibnu Taimiyya, Prophetic Reasoning, Syllogism Criticism, Analogical Assessment, Eliminative Deduction. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi kritik Ibnu Taimiyyah terhadap corak rasionalitas spekulatif silogisme yang saat ini sedang mengalami gugatan epistemologis karena terasing dari nilai-nilai transendensi dan kemanusiaan. Kritik tersebut terutama ditujukan kepada dua hal yaitu proposisi negatif dalam silogisme membatasi komponen metafisik, dan proposisi negatif diterima sebagai kebenaran konsensus prosedural bukan karena fakta empiris. Silogisme dalam pandangan Ibnu Taimiyyah hanya menghasilkan pengetahuan konseptual yang hipotetik. Dalam prosedur silogisme yang diandalkan adalah prosedur inferensinya yang menghasilkan pernyataan yang tidak saling bertentangan atau tautologis. Namun keandalan tersebut dalam pandangan Ibnu Taimiyyah terbukti tidak akurat terutama pada prinsip implikasi, kausalitas dan konsistensi. Ibnu Taymiyyah mengusulkan penalaran analogis (qiyâs) yang merupakan salah satu model penalaran ushûliyyah untuk mengkonstruksikan inferensi berdasarkan argumentasi aksiomatik berbasis teks (bayâni) dan fakta (burhani). Prosedur penalaran profetik dikonstruksikan melalui dua langkah, yakni penilaian (tashdîq) analogis dan metode inferensi yang berbasis pada deduksi eliminatif.Kata Kunci: Ibnu Taimiyyah, Penalaran Profetik, Kritik Silogisme, Penilaian Analogis, Deduksi Eliminatif.

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References

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Submitted

2019-04-02

Accepted

2019-11-04

Published

2019-11-04