Landasan Filosofis Pendidikan Islam dalam Pemikiran Imam Al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Taimiyah

The Philosophical Foundations of Islamic Education in the Thought of Imam Al-Ghazali and Ibn Taymiyyah

Authors

  • Zubair Qudsi El Hanif Basyir Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pendidikan Islam (STIPI) Maghfirah, Bogor-Indonesia
  • Abdul Hayyie Al-Kattani Universitas Ibnu Khaldun, Bogor-Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8203-5124
  • Akhmad Alim Universitas Ibnu Khaldun, Bogor-Indonesia
  • Muhammad Adib Irfan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pendidikan Islam (STIPI) Maghfirah, Bogor-Indonesia
  • Muhammad Fadhlan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pendidikan Islam (STIPI) Maghfirah, Bogor-Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21111/tasfiyah.v9i2.15042

Keywords:

Islamic Educational Thought, Imam Al-Ghazali, Ibn Taimiyah, Contemporary Implications

Abstract

This study compares the educational thinking of Al-Ghazali and Ibn Taymiyyah, two prominent figures in Islamic history. It employs a qualitative approach based on literature review (library research) and uses a comparative method to analyze the educational thought of both scholars. Despite their methodological differences, both thinkers share a fundamental objective: attaining eternal happiness in the afterlife through beneficial knowledge and righteous action, with an emphasis on the purification of the heart. Al-Ghazali emphasizes a Sufi-oriented approach, particularly through the concepts of takhalli (self-purification) and tajalli (divine manifestation). In contrast, Ibn Taymiyyah adopts a more rational and scientific framework, focusing on the ‘ilmiyyah approach to prevent intellectual deviations (shubuhāt) and the irādiyyah approach to restrain base desires (shahawāt). Despite differences in methodology, both agreed on the goal of education to shape individuals and societies in harmony with the Qur'an and Sunnah. This study concludes that their ideas complement each other and can be applied in contemporary education to integrate cognitive and affective aspects.

References

Ahmad, Andi, Budi Handrianto, and Akhmad Alim. “Pemikiran Pendidikan Adian Husaini Dan Panduan Penyusunan Kurikulum Beradab Untuk Tingkat SMP.” Ta’dibuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 11, no. 3 (2022): 305. https://doi.org/10.32832/tadibuna.v11i3.7550.

Al-Faruqi, Achmad Reza Hutama. “Konsep Ilmu Dalam Islam.” Kalimah: Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Pemikiran Islam 13, no. 2 (September 30, 2015): 223. https://doi.org/10.21111/klm.v13i2.286.

Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. Al-Munkidz Min Al-Dalāl. Beirut, Libanon: Maktabah al-Asbiyah, n.d.

———. Ayyuha Al-Walad. Jeddah: Dar Al Minhaj, 2014.

———. Intisari Ihya Ulumuddin. Jakarta: Qalam, 2017.

———. Rahasia Penciptaan Alam Semesta Dan Makhluk Hidup. Jakarta selatan: Turos, 2016.

———. Al-Risālah Al-Lāduniyyah Dalam Majmu’āt Rasāil. Kairo: Maktabah Taufiqiyah, n.d.

———. Iḥyā’ Ulūm Al-Dīn Jilid 1. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1991.

———. Iḥyā’ Ulūm Al-Dīn Jilid 3. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1991.

———. Mīzān Al-‘Amal. Edited by Sulayman Dunya. 1st ed. Mesir: Dar Al-Ma’arif, 1964.

———. Mizān Al-A’mal. Edited by Dar Al Ma’arif. Cairo: Maktabah al Jundi, 1964.

———. Iḥyā’ Ulūm Al-Dīn. Edited by Zainuddin Abi al-Fadhl Al-’Iraqiy. 1st ed. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār Ibn Hazm, 2005.

Apriola, Kartika, Yuliharti, and Yanti. “Konsep Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Masa Ibnu Taimiyah.” Kutubkhanah: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 20, no. 1 (2020): 32–52. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/kutubkhanah.v20i1.13342.

Arifin, Yanuar. Pemikiran Pemikiran Emas. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2018.

Bachore, Mebratu Mulatu, Eskindir Getachew Dagaga, and Tagesse Daniel Lerebo. “Do Teachers Think on Their Feet? The Awareness and Practice of Reflective Approach among Secondary School Teachers in Ethiopia.” Heliyon 10, no. 14 (2024): e34232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34232.

Fauzan, Suwito dan. Sejarah Pemikiran Para Tokoh Pendidikan. Bandung: Angkasa, 2003.

Fazlurrahman, Akbar Idris. “Studi Komparasi Tasawuf Imam Al Ghazali Dan Ibnu Taimiyah Perspektif Pendidikan Islam.” Jurnal Kependidikan : UIN SAIZU 12, no. 2 (2024): 189.

———. “Studi Komparasi Tasawuf Imam Al Ghazali Dan Ibnu Taimiyah Perspektif Pendidikan Islam.” Jurnal Kependidikan : UIN SAIZU 12, no. 2 (2024): 202.

Hanafie, Imam, and Khojir Khojir. “Kurikulum Dalam Perspektif Imam Al-Ghazali Dan Relevansinya Dengan Capaian Pembelajaran Mata Pelajaran PAI Pada Kurikulum Merdeka.” Dayah: Journal of Islamic Education 6, no. 1 (2023): 60. https://doi.org/10.22373/jie.v6i1.15947.

Hasanah, Neneng Uswatun. “Theology and Epistemology : The Study of Kasyaf ( ‘ Ilm Kasyaf ) in Al-Ghazali ’ s Thought Teologi Dan Epistemologi : Kajian Tentang Ilmu.” Tsaqafah Jurnal Peradaban Islam 16, no. 51 (2023): 343–66.

Ibnu Taimiyah, Syaikhul Islam. Al-Fatāwā Kitāb Al-Tafsīr Juz 3 Jilid 16. Riyadh: Jami’atu Al Imam, 1961.

———. Al-Fatāwā Kitāb Uṣūl Fiqh, Jilid 19. Riyadh: Jami’atu Al Imam, 1961.

———. Al-Fatāwā Mujmal Al’itiqād Jilid 3. Riyadh: Jami’atu Al Imam, 1961.

———. Al Fatawa Kitab Al Iman. Beirut: Al Maktab Al Islami, 1972.

———. Fatāwā Tauhīd Rubūbiyyah Jilid 2. Riyadh: Jami’atu Al Imam, 1961.

———. Majmū’ah Al-Fatāwā, Kitab Suluk, Jilid 10, n.d.

Iqbal., Abu Muhammad. Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam: Gagasan Gagasan Besar Para Ilmuan Muslim. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2020.

Jawawi, Abdullah. “Konsep Pendidikan Ibnu Taimiyah.” IQRA : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam 1, no. 1 (2021): 34–42.

Jojang, Achmad Audi Pratama. “Konsep Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Ibnu Taimiyah.” AT Tajdid: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pemikiran Islam 8, no. 2 (2024): 457.

Kilani, Majid Irsan Al. Al-Fikr Al-Tarbawī ’Inda Ibn Taimiyah. Madinah Munawwaroh: Maktabah Dar Al Turats, 1986.

———. Model Kebangkitan Umat Islam. Depok: Mahdara Publishing, 2019.

Maghribi, Hamdan. “Melihat Ibn Taimiyyah Di Mata Barat.” Bincang Syariah, 2025.

Mahmud. Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2011.

Mursito, Lilik. “Wali Allah Menurut Al Hakim Al Tirmidzi Dan Ibnu Taimiyah.” Kalimah: Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Pemikiran Islam 13, no. 2 (2015): 349.

Nata, Abuddin. Pemikiran Para Tokoh Pendidikan Islam. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2021.

Peter Adamson. Classical Philosophy A History of Philosophy without Any Gaps, Volume 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Sarif, Akbar, and Ridzwan Ahmad. “Konsep Maslahat Dan Mafsadah Menurut Imam Al-Ghazali.” Tsaqafah 13, no. 2 (2018): 353. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v13i2.1183.

Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: Penerbit Alfabet, 2023.

Syamsudin Asyrofi. Beberapa Pemikiran Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Aditya Media Publishing, 2012.

Taufik nur Rahman. “Peningkatan Kecerdasanspiritual Islam Perspektif Syaikh Al Islam Ibnu Taimiyah Dalam Kitab Al-Tuhfah Al-‘Iroqiyyah.” Tawazun: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 15, no. 3 (2022): 406.

Yuri Indri Yani, Hakmi Wahyudi, and Muhammad Rafi’i Maarif Tarigan. “Pembagian Ilmu Menurut Al-Ghazali (Tela’ah Buku Ihya’ Ulumu Ad-Din).” Alfikra : Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman 19, no. 2 (2020): 194–95. https://doi.org/doi:1024014/af.v19.i2.11338.

Zed, Mestika. Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Jakarta: Indonesia Obor Foundation, 2004.

Downloads

Submitted

2025-09-01

Accepted

2025-09-11

Published

2025-09-11

How to Cite

Basyir, Z. Q. E. H., Al-Kattani, A. H. ., Alim, A. ., Irfan, M. A. ., & Fadhlan, M. . (2025). Landasan Filosofis Pendidikan Islam dalam Pemikiran Imam Al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Taimiyah: The Philosophical Foundations of Islamic Education in the Thought of Imam Al-Ghazali and Ibn Taymiyyah. Tasfiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 9(2), 327–351. https://doi.org/10.21111/tasfiyah.v9i2.15042

Issue

Section

Articles