Polemik Transendensi Tuhan Antara Mutakalim dan Salafi Kontemporer dalam Teks Al-‘Aqīdah al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah
The Polemic of God's Transcendence Between the Mutakallimūn and Contemporary Salafis in the Text of Al-‘Aqīdah al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21111/tasfiyah.v9i2.14966Keywords:
Al-‘Aqīdah al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah, Mutakallimūn, Tanzīh, Tasybīh, SalafiyAbstract
Tanzīh is an essential concept in Islamic theology that demonstrates the transcendence of God from any resemblance to all creatures. One of the primary texts of Islamic theology is al-‘Aqīdah al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah by Abu Ja'far al-Thahawi, which is acclaimed unanimously by all Sunni Muslims. However, there has been debate among scholars regarding the establishment of the concept of tanzīh, notably between the Mutakallimūn and Contemporary Salafis. This study aims to examine the concept of tanzīh in the text of al-‘Aqīdah al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. The method used in this study is qualitative with descriptive-theological analysis through a content analysis approach. The results of this study indicate that all Sunni groups have unanimously approved the text of al-Thahawi’s creed. However, in claiming legitimate representation to explain the text, there is a debate between the Mutakallimūn and the Salafis, both of whom claim to be Sunni. The central disagreement lies in using terms containing the meaning of contingency (ḥawādith) in linguistic terms regarding the Attributes of God. For the Mutakallimūn, any text by al-Thahawi that demonstrates the sanctification (tanzīh) of God's attributes from the categories of creatures (ḥawādith) is accepted affirmatively with expositions that support the content of the text. Meanwhile, the Salafi school polemically contests these texts because al-Thahawi uses ambiguous and multi-meaning terms (mujmal) that imply a denial of the Attributes of God as explicitly mentioned in the Qur’an and Hadith.References
Abd al-Bashir, Hazim Hasan. Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah Bayna Al-Salafiyyah Al-Mu’āṣirah Wa Al-Mutakallimīn. Amman: Dar al-Nur al-Mubin, 2022.
Al-Albani, Muhammad Nashir al-Din. Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah: Syarḥ Wa Ta’līq. Beirut: Al-Maktab al-Islami, 1978.
Al-Andalusi, Abu Hayyan. Tafsīr Al-Baḥr Al-Muḥīṭ. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1993.
Al-Babirti, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Mahmud. Syarḥ Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Istanbul: Dar al-Beyruti, 2009.
Al-Barrak, Abd al-Rahman bin Nashir. Syarḥ Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Riyadh: Dar al-Tadmuriyyah, 2008.
Al-Busnawi, Hasan Kafi al-Aqhishari. Nūr Al-Yaqīn Fī Uṣūl Al-Dīn Fī Syarḥ Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwi. Riyadh: Maktabah Ubeykan, 1997.
Al-Dzahabi, Syams al-Din Muhammad. Siyar A’lām Al-Nubalā’. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah, 1996.
Al-Fauzan, Shalih bin Fauzan. Al-Ta’līqāt Al-Mukhtaṣarah Ala Matn Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Riyadh: Dar al-Ashimah, n.d.
Al-Ghamidi, Khalid bin Nashir bin Sa’id Alu Hussain. Taṣhīl Fahm Syarḥ Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Jeddah: Dar al-Mujtama’, 2000.
Al-Ghaznawi, Abu Hafs Siraj al-Din. Syarḥ Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Kairo: Darah al-Karaz, 2009.
Al-Hafi, Abdullah bin Ubaid bin Abbad. Manhaj Al-Imām Ibn Abī Al-Izz Al-Hanafī Wa Arā’uhu Fī Al-Aqīdah Min Khilāl Syarḥ Li Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Dammam: Dar Ibn al-Jauzi, 2003.
Al-Hanafi, Ibn Abi al-Izz. Syarḥ Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Beirut: Al-Maktab al-Islami, 1984.
Al-Hariri, Abdullah. Al-Durrah Al-Bahiyyah Fī Hall Alfāẓ Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Masyari’, 1992.
Al-Jibrin, Abdullah bin Abd al-Rahman bin Abdullah. Al-Riyaḍ Al-Nadiyyah Ala Syarḥ Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Riyadh: Dar al-Shami’i, 2010.
Al-Juhani, Khalid bin Mahmud. Al-Jāmi’ Li Masā’il Al-Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Kairo: Dar al-Taqwa Nasyirun, n.d.
Al-Jurjani, Al-Sayyid al-Syarif. Mu’jam Al-Ta’rīfāt. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2013.
Al-Kautsari, Muhammad Zahid. Maqālāt Al-Kautsarī. Kairo: Maktabah al-Taufiqiyyah, n.d.
Al-Khalidi, Shalah Abd al-Fattah. Al-Qabāsāt Al-Saniyyah Min Syarḥ Al-Aqīdah Al-Ṭahāwiyyah. Damaskus: Dar al-Qalam, n.d.
Al-Khamis, Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman. Al-Tauḍīḥāt Al-Jaliyyah Ala Syarḥ Al-Aqīdāh Al-Ṭahāwiyyah. Riyadh: Dar Ibn al-Jauzi, 2008.
Al-Khazin. Lubab Al-Ta’wīl Fī Ma’ānī Al-Tanzīl. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2004.
Al-Maturidi, Abu Manshur. Ta’wilāt Ahl Al-Sunnah Tafsīr Al-Mātūrīdī. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2005.
Al-Midani, Abd al-Ghani al-Ghunaymi. Syarḥ Al-Aqīdāh Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Damaskus: Dar al-Fikr, 1992.
Al-Nadim, Ibn. Al-Fahrasāt. Beirut: Dar al-Ma’rifah, n.d.
Al-Nadwi, Taqi al-Din. A’lām Al-Muḥadditsīn. Beirut: Dar al-Basyair al-Islamiyyah, 2007.
Al-Qari, Al-Mulla Ali. Syarḥ Kitāb Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2016.
Al-Qasimi, Muhammad Jamal al-Din. Maḥāsin Al-Ta’wīl. Waqf for Publication from Muhammad Fuad Abd al-Baqi, 1957.
Al-Qurthubi, Abdullah bin Ahmad. Al-Jāmi’ Li Aḥkām Al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah, 2006.
Al-Rajihi, Abd al-Aziz bin Abdullah. Al-Hidāyah Al-Rabbāniyyah Fī Syarḥ Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Riyadh: Dar al-Tauhid li al-Nasyr, n.d.
Al-Saqqaf, Hasan bin Ali. Ṣaḥīh Syarḥ Al-Aqīdāh Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Imam al-Rawwas, 2007.
Al-Subki, Taj al-Din bin Abd al-Wahhab. Mu’īd Al-Ni’am Wa Mubīd Al-Niqam. Kairo: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 1948.
Al-Syaibani, Isma’il bin Ibrahim bin Ali. Syarḥ Al-Aqīdāh Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2005.
Al-Tahanawi, Muhammad Ali. Mawsū’ah Kasysyāf Isthilāhāt Al-Funūn Wa Al-’Ulūm. Beirut: Maktabah Lubnan Nasyirun, 1996.
Al-Thabari, Ibnu Jarir. Tafsīr Al-Ṭabarī Jāmi’ Al-Bayān ’an Ta’wīl Ay Al-Qur’ān. Kairo: Dar Hijr, 2001.
Al-Thahawi, Abu Ja’far. Matan Al-Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah Bayān Aqīdah Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jamā’ah. Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm, 1995.
Al-Turkistani, Syuja’ al-Din Hibbat Allah bin Ahmad. Syarḥ Al-Aqīdāh Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Amman: Dar al-Nur al-Mubin, 2014.
Al-Utaibi, Khalid bin Abdullah bin Himyan. Al-Tuḥfah Al-Mazjiyyah Bi Syarḥ Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Riyadh: Maktabah al-Malik Fahd al-Wathaniyyah, 2022.
Al-Utsaimin, Muhammad bin Shalih. Al-Ta’līq Ala Mawāḍi’ Min Syarḥ Al-Aqīdāh Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Unaizah: Muassasah al-Syaikh Muhammad bin Shalih al-Utsaimin al-Khairiyyah, 2023.
Al-Wutsqa, Markaz al-Urwah. Jāmi’ Al-Durūs Al-Aqādiyyah Fī Syarḥ Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Kairo: Dar Ibn Hazm, 2009.
Al-Zabidi, Murtadha. Tāj Al-‘Arūs Min Jawāhir Al-Qāmūs. Kuwait: Mathba’ah Hukumah al-Kuwait, 1983.
Al-Zamakhsyari, Jarullah Abu Qasim Mahmud. Asas Al-Balāghah. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1998.
Aleh Rasyi, Nidhal bin Ibrahim. Al-Minah Al-Ilāhiyyah Syarḥ Al-Aqīdāh Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Istanbul: Dar al-Samman, 2019.
Alu Abd al-Lathif, Abd al-Aziz bin Muhammad. Hasyiyyah Ala Syarḥ Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Al-Bayan Markaz al-Buhuts wa al-Dirasat, 2014.
Alu al-Syaikh, Shalih bin Abd al-Aziz bin Muhammad. Syarḥ Al-Aqīdāh Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Riyadh: Dar al-Mawaddah, 2011.
Amuh, Muhammad Ahmad. Al-Rauḍah Al-Nadiyyah Syarḥ Al-Aqīdāh Al-Ṭahāwiyyah. Amman: Dar al-Nur al-Mubin, 2016.
Baz, Abd al-Aziz bin Abdullah bin. Al-Ta’līqāt Al-Baziyyah Ala Syarḥ Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Riyadh: Dar Ibn al-Atsir, 2008.
Bewley, Aisha. Glossary of Islamic Terms. London: Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd., 1998.
Faudah, Sa’id. Al-Syarḥ Al-Kabīr Ala Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Dzakhair, 2014.
———. Al-Tahbīr Fī Tafsīr Tsalāts Ayat Min Al-Dzikr Al-Ḥakīm. Amman: Dar al-Nur al-Mubin, 2011.
Hamzah, Khalid Fauzi Abd al-Hamid. Taqrīb Wa Tartīb Syarḥ Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Jeddah: Maktabah al-Dhiya’, 1997.
Hasan, Hasan Ibrahim. Tārīkh Al-Islām Al-Siyāsīy Wa Al-Dīnī Wa Al-Tsaqāfī Wa Al-Ijtimā’ī. Beirut: Dar al-Jil, 1996.
Hoover, Jon. Ibn Taimiyya (Makers of the Muslim World). Oneworld Publications, 2019.
Ibn ‘Ashur, Muhammad al-Tahir. Tafsīr Al-Taḥrīr Wa Al-Tanwīr. Tunis: Dar al-Tunisiyyah, 1984.
Imarah, Muhammad. Al-Wasīṭ Fī Al-Madzāhib Wa Al-Musṭalahāt Al-Islāmiyyah. Kairo: Nahdhah Mishr, 1999.
Jum’ah, Ali. Al-Kutub Al-Mukawwinah Li Al-Fikr Al-Islamī (Al-Sunnī). Amman: MABDA, 2014.
Khalifah, Haji. Kasyf Al-Ẓunūn. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turats al-Arabi, n.d.
Lucas, Scott C. Constructive Critics, Hadith Literature and The Articulation of Sunni Islam. Leiden: Brill, 2006.
Mani’, Muhammad bin Abd al-Aziz bin. Hasyiyah Al-’Aqīdah Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Riyadh: Adhwa’ al-Salaf, 1998.
Manzhur, Ibnu. Lisān Al-’Arab. Beirut: Dar al-Shadir, 1990.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Islamic Philosophy From Its Origin to The Present. New York: State University of New York Press, 2006.
Nordin, Mohd Hafiz, Mohd Hasrul Shuhari, and Engku Ahmad Zaki Engku Alwi. “The Concept of Moderation in Creed According to Perspective of Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jama’ah.” Malaysian Journal for Islamic Studies 3, no. 2 (2019): 1–11.
Pickthall, Muhammad Marmaduke. Roman Translation of The Holy Qur’an. Lahore: Qudrat Ullah Co., 1999.
Sezkin, Fuad. Tārīkh Al-Turāts Al-Arabī. Riyadh: idarah al-Tsaqafah wa al-Nasyr bi al-Jami’ah, 1991.
Sheikh, M. Saeed. Islamic Philosophy. London: The Octagon Press Ltd., 1982.
Sindi, Shalih bin Abd al-Aziz bin Utsman. Syarḥ Al-Aqīdāh Al-Ṭaḥāwiyyah. Madinah: Silsilah Syuruhat al-Syaikh, n.d.
Syed Abdul Rahman, Syed Mohammad Hilmi, and Khairul Naim Che Nordin. “Transcendence of Allah According to Al-Zamakhsyari and Al-Nasafi: A Comparative Study.” Afkar 19, no. 1 (2017): 163–222.
Wan Khalid, Wan Ahmad Naqiuddin, and Wan Haslan Khairuddin. “Konsep Tanzih Dalam Kitab Al-Aqidah Al-Tahawiyyah.” Journal of Ifta and Islamic Heritage 3, no. 1 (2024): 40–58.
Yusuf, Hamza. The Creed of Imam Al-Tahawi. Berkeley: Zaytuna Institute, 2007.
Zahrah, Muhammad Abu. Tārīkh Al-Madzāhib Al-Islāmiyyah. Kairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, n.d.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Tasfiyah: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
