AL TIJARAH (p-ISSN: 2460-4089; e-ISSN: 2528-2948), is a scientific journal published by Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Darussalam Gontor, Jln. Raya Siman KM. 5, Ponorogo, Jawa Timur; Telp. (0352)48762, Fax: (0352)488182, E-mail: altijarah@unida.gontor.ac.id