DYNAMICS OF COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR WITH MORAL IDENTITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE MEDIATION

Authors

  • Fatmah Bagis Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
  • Ayu Diana Putri Lestari Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
  • Hengky Widhiandono Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia
  • Muchammad Agung Miftahuddin Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21111/ibmj.v8i2.15730

Keywords:

Counterproductive Work Behavior, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Moral Identity, Organizational Justice

Abstract

The complexity of work environments in the healthcare sector often triggers challenges related to employee behavior, including the rise of counterproductive work behavior that may undermine service quality. This study aims to examine the effect of counterproductive work behavior on organizational citizenship behavior, with moral identity and organizational justice serving as mediating variables among hospital employees in Purwokerto. This research adopts a quantitative design by replicating the conceptual model of Nguyen-Viet & Vo Tri Chau (2025). The population consists of 542 employees across three hospitals, with a sample of 240 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a five-point Likert questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings reveal that counterproductive work behavior has a negative and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior, moral identity, and organizational justice. Furthermore, moral identity and organizational justice positively influence organizational citizenship behavior and significantly mediate the relationship between counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. These results highlight the crucial role of strengthening employees’ moral identity and perceptions of organizational justice in reducing the adverse impacts of counterproductive work behavior while enhancing organizational citizenship behavior. This study contributes to the development of Social Exchange Theory and offers strategic recommendations for hospital management to foster more ethical and equitable workplaces.

References

Aaron, C. (2018). Counterproductive Work Behaviors: Understanding the Dark Side of Personalities in Organizational Life.

Adugna, K., Birhanu, B., Kebede, A., Abraham, G., Asefa, Y., Gezahign, M., Gunja, G., & Gelana, B. (2022). The Relation Between Organizational Justice and Counter-Productive Work Behavior Among Health Care Professionals in Jimma Zone Public Health Institutions. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 14(7), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.2147/JHL.S365129

Afriandika, I. R., Bagis, F., Endratno, H., & Rahmawati, I. Y. (2025). Transformational Leadership and Work Motivation in Enhancing Innovative Work Behavior : The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in Hospitality Sector Employees. Asian Journal of Management Analytics (AJMA), 4(3), 941–960. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55927/ajma.v4i3.14598

Al-romeedy, B. S. (2022). The Effect of Authentic Leadership on Counterproductive Work Behaviors in Egyptian and Turkish Travel Agents : Workplace Incivility as a Mediator. African Journal of Hospitality, 11(2), 409–425.

Ashafani, A. (2022). The Effect Of Organizational Citizenship Behavior On Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model. Journal Of Organizational Behavior Research, 7, 143–160. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51847/sRtILGuTSd

Bagis, F., Adawiyah, W. R., & Hasanah, U. (2025). Divine Guidance in The Face of Toxicity: How Islamic Leadership Navigates Workplace Stress and Mental Wellbeing in Higher Education Institutions. MIX: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 15(2), 31–43.

Bagis, F., Adawiyah, W. R., & Purnomo, R. (2025). The Power of Islamic Spirituality in Diminishing Darkness of Job Stress , Ego Depletion and Cyberloafing Diversion in the Islamic Workplace Culture. Management and Accounting Review, 24(3).

Bagis, F., Adawiyah, W. R., Purnomo, R., & Sudjadi, A. (2024). Exploring Islamic Spiritual Well-Being: Conceptualization and Validation of a Measurement Scale. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.25217/0020247473500

Bagis, F., Adawiyah, W. R., Tubastuvi, N., Dumasari, & Umairoh, J. P. M. (2025). Beyond Religion: Applying Islamic Spiritual Well-Being to Improve Ethical Behavior in Modern Organizations. Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change, 2030–2039. https://doi.org/10.64753/jcasc.v10i2.1901

Bagis, F., Salsabil, S., & Rahmawati, I. Y. (2023). Controlling Workplace Deviant Behavior through the Role of Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction as Mediation in Islamic Colleges Purwokerto City. South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics, 20(4), 156–172. https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v20i4750

Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life.

Chen, M., Chen, C. C., & Schminke, M. (2023). Feeling Guilty and Entitled: Paradoxical Consequences of Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 183(3), 865–883. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05109-x

Cheng, K., Hu, P., Guo, L., Wang, Y., & Lin, Y. (2022). A contingency perspective of pro-organizational motives, unethical pro-organizational behavior, and organizational citizenship behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(8), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935210

Cohen, A., & Abedallah, M. (2025). Examining correlates of organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior in a collectivist culture : the case of Arab teachers in Israel. Organization Management Journal, 18(3), 98–120. https://doi.org/10.1108/OMJ-01-2020-0863

Darmawan, A., Bagis, F., & Nugraha, D. (2025). Enhancing Organizational Citizenship Behavior through Transformational Leadership: The Role of Multiple Mediating Determinants. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 21(2), 227–240. https://doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v21i2.2234

Dewi, I. A. W. S., & Wibawa, I. M. A. (2024). Pengaruh Organization Justice Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Dengan Komitmen Organisasional Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 13(4), 602. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2024.v13.i04.p04

Fan, Q., Wider, W., & Chan, C. K. (2023). The brief introduction to organizational citizenship behaviors and counterproductive work behaviors: a literature review. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(9), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1181930

Gaspar, T., Sousa, B., & Alves, E. (2024). Are Healthcare Organizations Healthy Work Ecosystems ? Health and Well-Being of Health Professionals. Health and Well-Being of Health Professionals, 12, 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222277

Griep, Y., & Johannes, M. (2021). Unpacking the Relationship Between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Counterproductive Work Behavior : Moral Licensing and Temporal Focus. Group & Organization Management, 46(5), 819–856. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601121995366

Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling ( PLS-SEM ) Using R. Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7

Hermanto, Y. B., & Srimulyani, V. A. (2022). The Effects of Organizational Justice on Employee Performance Using Dimension of Organizational Citizenship Behavior as Mediation. Sustainability, 14(20), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013322

Iskandar, A. S. (2024). Optimizing Organizational Justice and Emotional Intelligence to Mitigate Counterproductive Work Behavior. International Journal Of Asian Education, 5(2), 95–111.

Joungtrakul, J., & Smith, I. D. (2024). Examining the Effect of Organizational Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Through the Mediation of Job Commitment. Journal Of Organizational Behavior Research, 9(2), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.51847/PfxUhbw9xY

Ke, Y., & Li, F. (2025). Moral disengagement, moral identity, and counterproductive work behavior among emergency nurses. Nursing Ethics, 32(1), 111–124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330241238336

Kim, B., & Choi, S. (2021). “ Does a Good Company Reduce the Unhealthy Behavior of Its Members ?”: The Mediating Effect of Organizational Identification and the Moderating Effect of Moral Identity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136969

Lee, S., Kim, S. L., & Yun, S. (2018). A moderated mediation model of the relationship between abusive supervision and knowledge sharing. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(3), 403–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.09.001

Lowery, M. R., Clark, M. A., & Carter, N. T. (2021). The balancing act of performance : Psychometric networks and the causal interplay of organizational citizenship and counterproductive work behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 125(12), 103527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103527

Luo, J., Ng, L. P., & Choong, Y. O. (2025). The effect of responsible leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: double mediation of gratitude and organizational identification. BMC Psychology, 13(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02337-w

Magnavita, N., Chiorri, C., Maran, D. A., Garbarino, S., Rosa, R., Prinzio, D., Gasbarri, M., Matera, C., Cerrina, A., Gabriele, M., & Labella, M. (2022). Organizational Justice and Health : A Survey in Hospital Workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph19159739

Mahmood, H., Ur, A., Sabir, I., Rauf, A., Afthanorhan, A., & Nawal, A. (2023). Does organizational justice facet matters in knowledge hiding ? Heliyon, 9(8), e18372. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18372

Mensah, J., Amponsah-Tawiah, K., & Baafi, N. K. A. (2024). Psychological contract breach and mental health: the role of equity sensitivity and self-control. Organization Management Journal, 21(2), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/OMJ-11-2022-1679

Mockaitis, A. I., Butler, C. L., & Ojo, A. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic disruptions to working lives: A multilevel examination of impacts across career stages. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 138(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103768

Neves, P. C., Palma-Moreira, A., Andrade, C., & Au-Yong-Oliveira, M. (2024). Organizational citizenship behavior: adaptation and validation of the OCB scale CCOE-R. Frontiers in Psychology, 15(December), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1475011

Nguyen-Viet, B., & Vo Tri Chau, T. (2025). The impact of counterproductive work behavior on organizational citizenship behavior: the mediating role of moral identity and organizational justice. Cogent Business and Management, 12(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2444545

Nzimakwe, T. I. (2025). Exploring the relationship between employee engagement and counterproductive work behaviour. Frontiers in Psychology, January, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1434350

Pradana, D. A., Bagis, F., Astuti, H. J., & Endratno, H. (2025). Inclusive Leadership and Proactive Personality in Fostering Innovative Work Behaviors : The Mediating Role of Creative Self- Efficacy among Employees in the Hotel and Tourism Sector. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, Akuntansi Dan Keuangan (JAMBAK), 4(1), 101–120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55927/jambak.v4i1.156

Rahman, H. A., & Niamul, D. (2022). Organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior : the mediating role of work engagement. Heliyon, 8(1), e09450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09450

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2024). Organizational Behavior.

Sabir, M. R., Majid, M. B., Aslam, M. Z., Rehman, A., & Rehman, S. (2024). Understanding the linkage between abusive supervision and counterproductive work behavior: the role played by resilience and psychological contract breach. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2323794

Siddiqui, M., & Batool, I. (2023). Original Research Impact of Psychological Contract Breach on the Counterproductive Work Behavior among Nurses: Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence and Forgiveness. Pakistan Journal of Applied Psychology, 3(1), 195–205.

Waqas, M., & Marfoh, J. (2022). Unrevealing the Hidden Effects of Job Insecurity : A Moderated-Mediation Model of Moral Disengagement and Moral Identity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(July). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.906896

Widjaja, W., Wijayadne, D. R., & Renz, F. M. (2023). Employee Performance: the Moderating Role of Leader-Member Exchange (a Study on the Fast-Fashion Retail Industry). Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 25(2), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.25.2.131-141

Yue, L., Men, C., & Ci, X. (2022). Linking perceived ethical leadership to workplace cheating behavior : A moderated mediation model of moral identity and leader follower value congruence. Current Psychology, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03279-5

Downloads

Published

2025-12-30

How to Cite

Bagis, F., Ayu Diana Putri Lestari, Hengky Widhiandono, & Muchammad Agung Miftahuddin. (2025). DYNAMICS OF COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR WITH MORAL IDENTITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE MEDIATION. Islamic Business and Management Journal, 8(2), 316–332. https://doi.org/10.21111/ibmj.v8i2.15730

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): IBMJ l December

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 IBMJ

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.