AL JAZEERA’S ROLE IN THE ENFORCEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW IN THE CASE OF SHOOTING JOURNALIST SHIREEN ABU AKLEH BY ISRAELI ARMY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21111/mediasi.v5i1.10026Keywords:
Abstract
This research is present to analyze through the concept of the international community implemented in the case study. The concept of the international community is used to analyze the role played in the process of enforcing international law. The killing of journalists in armed conflict areas always ends with impunity for the perpetrators. To overcome this, Al Jazeera performs its role as an international community through its three functions: propaganda function, social control function and advocacy function. In carrying out its propaganda and social control functions, Al Jazeera continues to voice the implementation of investigations through news about the Shireen Abu Akleh shooting case, causing many solidarity actions and campaigns in response to this and the investigation as a response from the government and related institutions. Then in carrying out its advocacy function, Al Jazeera submitted the Shireen Abu Akleh shooting case to the International Criminal Court (ICC) after the collection of evidence obtained from investigations conducted by many parties. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study, that Al Jazeera as an international community has succeeded in carrying out its role in international law enforcement efforts carried out through three functions it has as an international media organization.References
Abdullah, Jamal. “Analysis: Qatar’s Foreign Policy – the Old and the New | Opinions | Al Jazeera.” Opinion. Last modified November 21, 2014. Accessed February 19, 2023. https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/11/21/analysis-qatars-foreign-policy-the-old-and-the-new/.
Adnan, Abd. Mujib, and Abdul Halim. “Dakwah Advokasi Sosial Dalam Al-Quran: Perspektif Hermeneutika Jeorge J.E. Gracia.” Jurnal Komunikasi Islam 10, no. 2 (2020): 276–305.
Adwani. “PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP ORANG-ORANG DALAM DAERAH KONFLIK BERSENJATA MENURUT HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL.” Dinamika Hukum 12, no. 1 (2012): 97–107.
Charles, Yohanes. “Kecam Penembakan Shireen Abu Akleh Jurnalis Cirebon Gelar Aksi Solidaritas | Opsi ID - Situs Berita Pilihan Kita.” Opsi.Id. Last modified May 16, 2022. Accessed February 28, 2023. https://opsi.id/read/kecam-penembakan-shireen-abu-akleh jurnalis-cirebon-gelar-aksi-solidaritas.
Dirjen Administrasi Hukum Umum Departemen Kehakiman dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia. Protokol Tambahan Konvensi Jenewa, Protokol Tambahan I Dan Protokol Tambahan II. Jakarta, 2003.
Elsam (Lembaga Studi & Advokasi Masyarakat). “Statuta Mahkamah Internasional – Referensi HAM.” Last modified October 24, 2014. Accessed February 10, 2023. https://referensi.elsam.or.id/2014/10/statuta-mahkamah-internasional/.
Gathmann, Sandra. “The Killing of Palestinian Journalist Shireen Abu Akleh | Start Here - YouTube.” Al Jazeera English , May 18, 2022. Accessed February 5, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaJ8_5MJHAs.
ICRC Indonesia. “Protokol Tambahan I Dan II Tahun 1977 - The ICRC in Indonesia | The ICRC in Indonesia.” Hukum Humaniter/ ICRC & HHI. Last modified February 10, 2012. Accessed February 20, 2023. https://blogs.icrc.org/indonesia/protokol-tambahan-i-dan-ii-tahun-1977/.
International Committee of The Red Cross (ICRC). “IHL Treaties - Additional Protocol (I) to the Geneva Conventions, 1977 - Article 43.” IHL Databases- International Humanitarian Law Databases. Accessed February 22, 2023. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/api-1977/article-43.
Al Jazeera. “Al Jazeera Correspondent Sherine Abu Aqla Was Killed by the Israeli Occupation Forces | Al Jazeera Media Network.” Press Realeses. Last modified May 11, 2022. Accessed February 20, 2023. https://network.aljazeera.net/en/pressroom/al-jazeera-correspondent-sherine-abu-aqla-was-killed-israeli-occupation-forces.
———. “Al Jazeera Media Network | A Truly Global Network.” Our Global Presence. Accessed February 19, 2023. https://network.aljazeera.net/en#block-views-block-bureaus-block-1.
Jazeera, Al. “Al Jazeera Media Network Raises Shireen Abu Akleh’s Case File to the International Criminal Court | Al Jazeera Media Network.” Al Jazeera Press Release. Last modified May 26, 2022. Accessed February 5, 2023. https://network.aljazeera.net/en/pressroom/al-jazeera-media-network-raises-shireen-abu-akleh’s-case-file-international-criminal-court.
———. “Al Jazeera Refers Israeli Occupation Forces to the International Criminal Court (ICC) over Shireen Abu Akleh’s Killing | Al Jazeera Media Network.” Al Jazeera Press Release. Last modified December 6, 2022. Accessed February 5, 2023. https://network.aljazeera.net/en/press-releases/al-jazeera-refers-israeli-occupation-forces-international-criminal-court-icc-over.
Al Jazeera. “‘The Opinion … and the Other Opinion’ | News | Al Jazeera.” News. Last modified October 31, 2006. Accessed February 19, 2023. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2006/10/31/the-opinion-and-the-other-opinion.
———. “Thousands March in London in Solidarity with Palestinians | Gallery | Al Jazeera.” In Picture- Gallery. Last modified June 14, 2022. Accessed April 3, 2023. https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2022/5/14/gallery-protesters-walk-for-slain-journalist-abu-akleh-in-london.
Al JAzeera English News. “(2) Al Jazeera Submits Abu Akleh Killing to ICC | Al Jazeera Newsfeed - YouTube,” December 6, 2022. Accessed February 5, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHVIDTKm6x0.
Kamaluddin, Muhammad Farhan. “Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Tuntutan Pembubaran Kantor Berita Al-Jazeera Oleh Arab Saudi Dan GCC Pada Krisis Diplomatik Qatar 2017 Skripsi Diajukan Untuk Ujian Sidang Jenjang Sarjana.” Univesitas Katolik Parahyangan, 2019.
Mahardika, Gede Genni Nanda. “Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Perlindungan Penduduk Sipil Dalam Situasi Perang Menurut Konvensi Jenewa 1949 (Studi Kasus Konflik Bersenjata Israel-Palestina Dalam Kasus Operation Cast Lead 27 Desember 2008-20 Januari 2009).” Undiksha Repository 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–83. http://repo.undiksha.ac.id/id/eprint/7142.
Martin Tobing. “Kolektif Seni Gelar Hari Solidaritas Tubaba Untuk Shireen.” IDN TIMES Lampung. Last modified May 16, 2022. Accessed April 4, 2023. https://lampung.idntimes.com/news/lampung/martin-tobing-1/kolektif-seni-gelar-hari-solidaritas-tubaba-untuk-shireen-abu-akleh?page=all.
Rahmawati, Putri. “Tendensi Dan Ideologi Al Jazeera Dan Cnn Berbahasa Arab Dalam Pemberitaan Kekerasan Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (Isis).” Tesis (2017): 1–27.
Sakila, Indi N F. “Peran Al Jazeera Dalam Transformasi Politik Tunisia Pada Peristiwa Arab Spring 2010-2011.” UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2016. file:///Users/andreataquez/Downloads/guia-plan-de-mejora-institucional.pdf%0Ahttp://salud.tabasco.gob.mx/content/revista%0Ahttp://www.revistaalad.com/pdfs/Guias_ALAD_11_Nov_2013.pdf%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v66n3.60060.%0Ahttp://www.cenetec.
Service, Reuter News. “PRINCE DEPOSES FATHER IN QATAR PALACE COUP - Deseret News.” Deseret News. Last modified June 27, 1995. Accessed February 18, 2023. https://www.deseret.com/1995/6/27/19179334/prince-deposes-father-in-qatar-palace-coup.
Simanjuntak, Gita Agnestasia. “Perlindungan Terhadap Wartawan Dalam Konflik Bersenjata Internasional Berdasarkan Hukum Humaniter Internasional.” Universitas Indonesia, 2009.
Siregar, Rafika Mayasari, and Abdul Rahman. “Tinjauan Yuridis Konvensi Jenewa IV Tahun 1949 Terhadap Negara- Negara Yang Berperang Menurut Hukum Internasional.” Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2013.
———. Tinjauan Yuridis Konvensi Jenewa Iv Tahun 1949 Terhadap Negara-Negara Yang Berperang Menurut Hukum Internasional, 2019. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/14990-ID-tinjauan-yuridis-konvensi-jenewa-iv-tahun-1949-terhadap-negara-negara-yang-berpe.pdf.
Smith, Rhona K.M, Njäl Høstmælingen, Christian Ranheim, Satya Arinanto, Fajrul Falaakh, Enny Soeprapto, Ifdhal Kasim, et al. Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Edited by Knut D Asplund, Marzuki Suparman, and Eko Riyadi. Evolusi Pemikiran Dan Sejarah Perkembangan Hak Asasi Manusia. 1st ed. Yogyakarta: Pusat Studi Hak Asasi Manusia Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2008. www.pushamuii.org.
Solis, Gary D. The Law Armed Conflict (International Humanitarian Law In War). New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. www.cambridge.org/9780521870887.
Sri Wahyuni, Retno. “Agenda Setting Al Jazeera Dalam Konflik Mesir Tahun 2013 : Analisis Peran Media Sebagai Aktor Diplomasi Publik Qatar.” Journal of International Relations 6 (2020): 350–357. http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jihihttp://www.fisip.undip.ac.id.
States, Congress of the United. Congress of the United States, Washington DC 20515. Washington DC, 2022.
The Palestinian Return Centre. Written Statement by The Palestinian Return Centre Ltd. General Assembly of United Nations. New York, 2022.
Wardana, Khansadhia Afifah, Joko Setiyono, and Soekotjo Hardiwinoto. “Diponegoro Law Review.” Dipone 5, no. 2 (2016). https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/dlr/article/view/10960/10629.
Zainarti. “Tata Kelola Pers Menurut Islam.” Pendidikan dan kependidikan 2, no. 4 (2017): 70.
“About Us | Today’s Latest from Al Jazeera.” Accessed February 5, 2023. https://www.aljazeera.com/about-us.
Terjemahan Protokol Tambahan Untuk Konvensi- Konvensi Jenewa 12 Agustus 1949 Mengenai Pengadopsian Sebuah Lambang Tambahan (Protokol III), 2005.
United States Senate, 20510. Washington DC, 2022.
