Pengaruh Histogram of Oriented Gradients Dan Principal Component Analysis Terhadap Kinerja Support Vector Machine Untuk Deteksi Citra Jalan Berlubang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21111/fij.v10i2.15165Abstract
Abstrak Kerusakan jalan seperti lubang dan permukaan yang tidak rata menjadi salah satu hambatan utama dalam mewujudkan konsep smart city yang menekankan efisiensi, keselamatan, dan keberlanjutan. Deteksi lubang jalan yang masih dilakukan secara manual bergantung pada pengamatan manusia, sehingga prosesnya subjektif, memakan waktu, dan kurang efisien. Penelitian ini mengusulkan pendekatan berbasis computer vision dengan mengombinasikan tiga metode, yaitu Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) sebagai teknik ekstraksi fitur, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) untuk reduksi dimensi, dan Support Vector Machine (SVM) sebagai algoritma klasifikasi. Dataset penelitian terdiri atas 681 citra yang diperoleh dari sumber publik Kaggle, kemudian diperluas melalui proses augmentasi menjadi 5.448 citra. HOG digunakan untuk menangkap pola gradien lokal dari setiap gambar, sementara PCA membantu menyederhanakan fitur agar perhitungan lebih cepat dan efisien. Selanjutnya, model SVM digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan citra jalan normal dan berlubang, dengan evaluasi menggunakan metrik accuracy, precision, recall, dan F1-score. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan peningkatan akurasi dari 85,32% menjadi 91,93%, serta peningkatan sekitar 7% pada precision, recall, dan F1-score. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa kombinasi HOG–PCA–SVM efektif meningkatkan akurasi deteksi jalan berlubang secara otomatis, efisien, dan mendukung penerapan smart city yang berkelanjutan. Kata kunci: Deteksi Lubang Jalan, Histogram of Oriented Gradients, Principal Component Analysis Abstract [The Effect of Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Principal Component Analysis on the Performance of Support Vector Machine for Pothole Image Detection] Road damages such as potholes and uneven surfaces pose major obstacles to realizing the smart city concept, which emphasizes efficiency, safety, and sustainability. Pothole detection, which is still largely conducted manually, relies on human observation, making the process subjective, time-consuming, and inefficient. This study proposes a computer vision–based approach that combines three methods: Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) for feature extraction, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the classification algorithm. The dataset consists of 681 images obtained from the public Kaggle repository, which were augmented to 5,448 images. HOG was used to capture local gradient patterns from each image, while PCA simplified the features to make computations faster and more efficient. The SVM model was then employed to classify normal and pothole road images, with evaluation metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Experimental results showed an accuracy improvement from 85.32% to 91.93%, along with approximately a 7% increase in precision, recall, and F1-score. These findings demonstrate that the combination of HOG–PCA–SVM effectively enhances automatic pothole detection accuracy and efficiency, supporting the implementation of a sustainable smart city. Keywords: Pothole Detection, Histogram of Oriented Gradients, Principal Component Analysis,Downloads
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