Konsep Kafir Dalam Tiga Agama Besar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21111/klm.v18i2.4867Keywords:
Keywords, Kafir, Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Pluralism, Religious PluralismAbstract
The Controversy of the concept of Kafir -excluding a religious group from one- is basically related to the doctrine of Religious Pluralism. Religious Pluralism relativized and nullified religious values so, by consequence, it reduced the theological concepts that existed in religions. In fact, every religion owns its own concepts regarding ‘The Other’ affirmed as its fundamental teachings. This paper will find at least two things: The concept and term of Kafir are already full-fledged in Islam, which was curtailed in the process as an impact of Religious Pluralism. Furthermore, Religious Pluralism is potentially reducing argumentations of the concepts owned in three Major Religions: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity.References
Ali ‘Isa, Saifu al-Naá¹£ri. 2003. Al-Guluwwu fi al-TakfÄ«r: al-MaẓÄhir, al-AsbÄb, al-‘IlÄj. Mesir: JamÄ’atu al-Aná¹£Äru al-Sunnah al-Muhammadiyah. Al-Jauziyyah, Ibnu al-Qayyim. 1416 H. MadÄrÄ«ju al-SÄlikÄ«n. Juz 1. Ed., Muhammad al-Mu’tashim bi al-lÄh al-BaghdÄdi, Beirut: DÄr al-KitÄb al-‘Arabiy, Cet. 2. Al-Kitab Al-RahmÄn ,‘Abdu. 1988. Al-haddu Al-Faṣīl Bayna al-ĪmÄn wa al-Kufri. Juz 1 Kuwait: DÄr al-Salafiya. Al-Zubaidy, Muhammad Murtaá¸o. 1394. TÄju al-Urusy min JawÄhiri al-QÄmush. Juz 14, Ed., Abdul al-HalÄ«m al-Thahawiy. Ari Yuana, Kumara. 2012. The Greatest Philosophers- 100 Tkoh Filsuf Barat dari Abad 6 SM- Abad 21 yang Menginspirasi Dunia. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi. Asy’ari, Hasyim. Risalah Ahlissunnah Wal Jama’ah. Al-Syarqawi, Muhammad Abdullah. 2006. Talmud Kitab “Hitam†Yahudi Yang Menggemparkan. Terj. Zainal Arifin, Jakarta: Sahara. Al-Tunisi, Bukhari. 2017. Konsep Teologi Ibn Taimiyah. CV Budi Utama: Yogyakrta. Bagus, Lorens. 2005. Kamus Filsafat. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Barclay, Joseph. 1901. Hebrew Literature. New York: The Colonial Press. Barclay, William. 2008. Pemahaman Alkitab Setiap Hari: surat Galatia dan surat Efesus. Terj. S. Wismaody Wahono. Jakarta: Gunung Mulia. Bergant, Dianne. 2002. Tafsir Alkitab Perjanjian Baru. Kanisius: Yogyakarta. Bonaventure Pranaitis, Justinas. 1892. The Talmud Unmasked- The seret rabbinical teachings Christian. Printing Office of The Imperial Academy of Sciences: St. Petersburg. Bridger, David. 1976. The New Jewish Encyclopedia. America. Chatra, Emeraldy. 2017. Teori Penurunan Kepastian: Sebuah Teori Komunikasi Antar Kelompok. Program Magister Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Andalas. Cohen, A. ‘Abodah Zarah 72b Translated Into English. Babylonian Talmud: Tractate ‘Abodah Zarah. Curtis, A Kenneth. et. Al. 2007. 100 Peristiwa Penting dalam Sejarah Kristen. Terj. A. Rajendran. Jakarta: Gunung Mulia. De Vries, Tinie. 2003. Pada Mulanya: Bahan Pengajaran Alkitab Untuk Para Pendidik/orangtua dan anak kecil. BPK Gunung Mulia: Jakarta. Dore, Gustavo. 2002. penerjm. Tafsir Alkitab Perjanjian Baru. Terj. Hadiwiyata. Kanisius: Yogyakarta. Ezigbo, Victor I. 2013. Introducing Christian Theologies. USA: Wipf and Stock Publisher. FauzÄn, á¹¢Äleh. 1423 H. KitÄb al-Tauhid. WizÄrah al-IslÄmiyya, al-Waqfu Wa al-Dakwah: Mamlakatu al-‘Arabiyya. Friedrich, Nietzsche. 1968. The Wills To Power. Terj. Waulter Kaufmann dan R.j. Hollingdale. New York: Vintage Books. Gianto S.J, Agustinus. 2005. Langkah-nya...langkah-ku! Kumpulan ulasan Injil. Kanisius: Yogyakarta. Griffiths, Paul. J. 2008. Kekristenan di Mata Orang Bukan Kristen. Jakarta: PT BPK Gunung Muda Media. Gunawan, Anggun. 2010. Messianik Yahudi: Juru Selamat Yahudi dalam Telaah Psikoanalisa Erich Fromm. Gre Publishing: Magelang. Halim Mahmud, Ali Abdul. 1996. Karakteristik Umat Terbaik. Gema Insani Pres :Jakarta. Hick, John. 1991. An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendents. London: Macmillan. Hick, John. 1980. God has many Names. (London and Basingstoke: The macmillan press. Husaini, Adian. 2015. Liberalisasi Islam di Indonesia: Fakta, Gagasan, dan Solusinya. Jakarta: Gema Inasni. Cet. 1. Jamil Zainu, Muhammad. 2007. Golongan Yang Selamat. Samodra Ilmu: Yogyakarta. Cet. 1. Jewish Encyclopedia.com. Keene, Michael. 2016. Agama-Agama Dunia. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. King James Version, Holy Bible. Knitter, Paul F. 2014. Pengantar Teologi Agama-Agama. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. leks, Stefan. 2003. Tafsir Injil Matius. Penerbit Kanisius: Yogyakarta. Maulana, Achmad. et. al. 2008. Kamus Ilmiah Populer. Yogyakarta: Absolut Muhammad ato’ Ṣūfi, Abdul QÄdir. 1422 H. Al-MufÄ«d fÄ« MuhimmÄti al-TauhÄ«d. Juz 1. (DÄr al-l’lÄm: 1422 H-2423 H). Neusner, Jacob. 2006. The Talmud: What It si And What Ir Says. Rowman & Littlefield Publisher. Pudja, Gede. 1982. Bhagadawadgita (pancama weda). Jakarta: Maya Sari. Cet. 1. Raharjo, Budi. et. al. 2014. Makna Keselmatan Dalam Prespektif Agama-Agama. Yogyakarta: Univ. Sanata Dharma. Ramdan, Anton. 2009. Rahasia Bisnis Yahudi Dalam Menggenggam Dunia. Shahara Digital Publishing. Reiling, J. and J.l Swellengrebel. 2005. A Handbook on The Gospel of Luke (Pedoman Penafsiran Alkitab: Injil Lukas). Jakarta: Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia. RiyÄd al-Ahmad, Muhammad. 1971. Uṣūl al-I’tiqÄd. Beirut: DÄr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah. Shihab, Quraish. 2017. Ensiklopedia Al-Qur’an: Kajian Kosakata. LH&LPY. Sudiarja. 2006. Karya Lengkap Driyarkara. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Toha, Anis Malik. 2005. Tren Pluralisme Agama. Jakarta: Perspektip. Upadhyaya, Kashi Nath. 1998. Early Buddhism and The BhagavadgÄ«tÄ. (Delhi: Jainendra Prakash Jain At Shri Jainendra Press. Yahya, Awalu al-DÄ«n. 1434. Ä€yÄtu al-Kufri fÄ« al-IslÄm. Malaysia: JÄmi’atu al-MadÄ«nah. Zakaria, Abi Husin. 1415. Mu’jam MaqÄyÄ«su al-Lughah. Ed. SyihÄb al-DÄ«n al-‘Amru. (Beirut: DÄr al-Fikri. Zarkasyi, Hamid Fahmi. 2010. Liberalisasi Pemikiran Islam; Gerakan bersama Missionaris dan Kolonialis. Ponorogo: CIOS ISID Gontor. _______. 2004. , Pengantar: Islam dan Paham Pluralisme Agama, dalam Jurnal Islamia: Jurnal Majalah Pemikiran dan peradaban Islam. Vol. 3. No. 1, Jakarta: Khoirul Bayan.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The author whose published manuscript approved the following provisions:
- The right of publication of all material published in the journal / published in the Kalimah is held by the editorial board with the knowledge of the author (moral rights remain the author of the script).
- The formal legal provisions for access to digital articles of this electronic journal are subject to the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), which means that Kalimah reserves the right to save, transmit media or format, Database), maintain, and publish articles without requesting permission from the Author as long as it keeps the Author's name as the owner of Copyright.
- Printed and electronic published manuscripts are open access for educational, research and library purposes. In addition to these objectives, the editorial board shall not be liable for violations of copyright law.



