Metode Penalaran tentang Tuhan: Membaca Pemikiran 'Abdul Qahir al-Bagdadi (w. 429 H/ 1038 M) dalam Karyanya Kitāb Uṣūluddīn

Abstract

  The correct reasoning about God is important in Islamic faith. The value judgment of reasoning incorrectly about God is heresy. Al-Bagdadi was early Ash’arite (4th/5th AH), who compiled many correct reasoning arguments about God in his work KitÄb UṣūluddÄ«n. His arguments have influenced later Ash’arites such as Abu Muzaffar al-Isfaraini (w. 471 H/ 1078 M), Imam al-Haramain al-Juwaini (w. 478 H/ 1085 M), and Hujjatul Islam al-Gazali (w. 505/ 1111 M). This article explores al-Bagdadi's reasoning arguments elaborated in his work UṣūluddÄ«n, to then be reduced to the three methods of reasoning commonly used by the Ashharite, namely dalÄ«l al-tamÄnu’, qiyÄs al-gayb ’alÄ al-syÄhid, and al-sabr wa al-taqsÄ«m. After analyzing his UṣūluddÄ«n, it is concluded that al-Bagdadi uses these three methods of reasoning in his description of God. DalÄ«l al-tamÄnu’ is used by al-Bagdadi to prove the oneness of God (waḥdÄniyyah). QiyÄs al-gayb ’alÄ al-syÄhid is used to prove the existence of God, and the perfection of His attributes. As for al-sabr wa al-taqsÄ«m is used to prove the truth of seeing God in the hereafter (ru'yatullÄh), and the negation of limitations on the God. In addition to strengthening the Islamic faith with correct reasoning, the logical arguments built by al-Bagdadi are also intended to criticize deviant views of God, both from outside and internal Islam.  Because it is reason-based, its arguments are universally applicable.