Tinjauan Fiqih Terhadap Institusi Pendidikan Sebagai Mustahiq Zakat: Studi Komparatf Pendapat Wahbah Az-Zuhaily Dan Yusuf Al-Qardhawi

Abstract

Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam, obligated by Allah SWT upon Muslims to purify both soul and wealth. Its distribution must follow the eight categories of recipients (mustahiq) as outlined in the Qur’an. However, the challenge of ghazwul fikri has led some scholars to expand the interpretation of fii sabilillah to include educational institutions. In Indonesia, organizations like the ASFA Foundation and BMH have allocated zakat to this sector, sparking debate over its legitimacy. This study aims to analyze the fiqh perspective on educational institutions as zakat recipients based on the views of two contemporary scholars: Wahbah Az-Zuhaily and Yusuf Al-Qardhawi, who hold differing opinions. This is normative legal research using a comparative, literature-based approach. The findings show that Wahbah Az-Zuhaily rejects educational institutions as mustahiq because they do not fit the fii sabilillah category in Surah At-Tawbah and fail to meet the tamlik requirement. In contrast, Yusuf Al-Qaradawi permits it if the institution serves as a form of pure Islamic jihad aimed at upholding Allah’s religion. He also argues that tamlik is not obligatory as it can be delegated to authorized parties. The author concludes that Al-Qardhawi’s view is more relevant today, offering a balanced interpretation. The researcher hopes that this study can serve as a contribution of ideas regarding the distribution of zakat to educational institutions according to two contemporary scholars mentioned, and that it will be beneficial for zakat management organizations and the community.