Power Disparity in Contract Law: An Analysis of the Impact of Limitation of Liability Clauses in Asymmetric Contractual Relationships

Authors

  • Dewi Kania Dewi Universitas Teknologi Digital

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21111/ijtihad.v18i2.12863

Keywords:

hukum kontrak; limitation of liability clause; keadilan kontraktual; ketidakseimbangan kekuasaan; reformasi regulasi

Abstract

**English**This paper aims to analyze the impact of Limitation of Liability Clauses on contractual justice in asymmetric contractual relationships in Indonesia, as well as to provide policy recommendations to strengthen regulations that protect the weaker party. The method used is a normative approach, integrating an analysis of Indonesian legislation, such as Article 1320 of the Civil Code and Article 18 of Law No. 8 of 1999, with modern contract theory and a comparative approach through a study of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 in the United Kingdom. The findings show that current regulations in Indonesia are not yet optimal in protecting the weaker party, particularly in relation to the use of Limitation of Liability Clauses by the dominant party. The use of these clauses in 70% of contracts involving large companies in Indonesia often favors the stronger party, resulting in a significant power imbalance. This study concludes that comprehensive legal reform is needed to address this disparity, through regulatory revisions, stricter oversight, and legal education for the public.                                                                                            **Indonesia**Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak Limitation of Liability Clause terhadap keadilan kontraktual dalam hubungan kontraktual asimetris di Indonesia, serta memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk memperkuat regulasi yang melindungi pihak yang lebih lemah. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif, yang mengintegrasikan analisis perundang-undangan Indonesia, seperti Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata dan Pasal 18 UU No. 8 Tahun 1999, dengan teori kontraktual modern serta pendekatan komparatif melalui studi terhadap Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 di Inggris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regulasi yang ada di Indonesia belum optimal dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap pihak yang lebih lemah, terutama terkait penggunaan Limitation of Liability Clause oleh pihak yang dominan. Penggunaan klausul ini dalam 70% kontrak yang melibatkan perusahaan besar di Indonesia sering kali menguntungkan pihak yang lebih kuat, menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan kekuasaan yang signifikan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa diperlukan reformasi hukum yang menyeluruh untuk mengatasi ketimpangan ini, melalui revisi regulasi, pengawasan lebih ketat, dan edukasi hukum bagi masyarakat.

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Published

2024-12-01

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 2 (2024): Ijtihad: Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Islam

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Articles

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