The Development of Sharia Tourism Economy in Lombok Through the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Mandalika

Abstract

This study explores how Sharia principles are integrated into the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) framework to develop Islamic-friendly tourism in Lombok, Indonesia. Mandalika, designated as an SEZ in 2014, demonstrates how infrastructure, community engagement, and religious guidelines can converge to foster economic growth while honoring cultural traditions. Adopting a qualitative approach, the research draws on document analysis, semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders, and field observations. Findings indicate that the Sharia compliant ecosystem within the SEZ evidenced by halal-certified accommodations, prayer facilities, and community-oriented festivals has significantly boosted Lombok’s global appeal. The rapid increase in employment and local revenue underscores the zone’s impact, yet challenges persist for small-scale operators who face limited resources to obtain halal certification or modernize their businesses. Moreover, maintaining environmental sustainability remains a priority, given Lombok’s vulnerable coastal ecosystems. The study concludes that intertwining Islamic economic principles with strategic incentives in an SEZ can broaden tourism’s reach, protect cultural identity, and deliver equitable development. However, continued policy refinements particularly in bridging gaps among regulators, investors, and local communities are crucial. These insights inform broader discussions on balancing economic imperatives with religious norms to nurture a more inclusive and resilient tourism sector