Formulation and testing of SPF (Sun Protection Factor) value sunscreen gel from ethanol extract of bilimbing wuluh fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) in vitro

Authors

  • Anna Fitriawati Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Duta Bangsa, Surakarta
  • Karisma Wardani Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Duta Bangsa, Surakarta
  • Bangkit Riska Permata Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Duta Bangsa, Surakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21111/pharmasipha.v9i2.12137

Abstract

Sunscreen is a cosmetic preparation formulated to reduce and protect the skin from the adverse effects of exposure to ultraviolet light. Bilimbi fruit is one of the plants that potential as a sunscreen, because it contains flavonoid groups that can absorb and reduce the intensity of ultraviolet light exposure. The purpose of this study was to formulate and test the potential SPF value of sunscreen gel preparation of bilimbi fruit extract. This research used experimental method, by making 3 variations of gel formula such as F1 (5% extract), F2 (10% extract), and F3 (15% extract). The physical properties of the gel were tested (homogeneity, organoleptic, spreadability, adhesiveness, pH, and viscosity), and the SPF value was tested in vitro with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of the physical properties test showed that the bilimbi fruit extract sunscreen gel produced a gel that met the requirements of physical properties of a good gel preparation, while from the SPF value test results it was known that all gel formulas had potential as sunscreens. Where F1 gel has an SPF value of 13.43 (maximum protection), F2 has an SPF value of 15.92 (ultra protection), and F3 has an SPF value of 17.24 (ultra protection).   Keywords: Averrhoa bilimbi L., formulation, sunscreen, SPF

Downloads

Published

2025-08-18

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): September

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Fitriawati, Karisma Wardani, Bangkit Riska Permata

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this Journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Author retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a creative commons attribution license that allow others to share the work within an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication of this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangement for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g. acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal).
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published works.