Efek kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) dan daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

ABSTRACT Resistance of bacteria oftenly occur to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics causes the increase of death rate. Moringa and basil leaves contain active compounds i.e flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins that have the potential as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to determine the activity of the combination of ethanol extract of moringa and basil leaves against Staphylococcus aureus. They were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent and then identified the group of compounds. Preliminary tests were carried out using the liquid dilution method to obtain the MIC value of each extract. The combination of moringa leaf extract and basil leaf extract was carried out in concentration with a ratio of 1:1; 1:2; and 2:1. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using disc diffusion method, to determine the best results, statistical tests were carried out with Shapiro Wilk and Levene homogenity continued by one way ANOVA, post-hoc tukey. Determination of combination effect between two extract were done by paper tape method. The results showed that the combination of ethanol extracts of moringa and basil leaves had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The combination concentration of 1:2 was the most effective combination with an average inhibition zone diameter of 15.46 ± 0.003 mm and provided a synergistic combination effect against Staphlococcus aureus. Keywords:  antibacterial, moringan leaf, basil leaf, Staphylococcus aureus   ABSTRAK Resistensi bakteri sering terjadi pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Kekebalan bakteri terhadap antibiotik menyebabkan angka kematian semakin meningkat. Daun kelor dan daun kemangi mengandung senyawa aktif flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun kelor dan daun kemangi terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Daun kelor dan daun kemangi di ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% lalu dilakukan identifikasi golongan senyawa. Dilakukan uji pendahuluan dengan metode dilusi cair untuk memperoleh nilai KHM masing- masing ekstrak. Kombinasi ekstrak daun kelor dan daun kemangi dilakukan variasi konsentrasi dengan perbandingan 1:1; 1:2; dan 2:1. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram, untuk menentukan hasil terbaik dilakukan uji statistik dengan Shapiro wilk dan homogenitas Levene dilanjutkan one way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey. Penentuan efek kombinasi kedua ekstrak dengan dilakukan dengan metode pita kertas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun kelor dan kemangi mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Konsentrasi kombinasi 1:2 merupakan kombinasi yang paling efektif dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat 15,46 ± 0,003 mm dan memberikan efek kombinasi sinergis terhadap Staphlococcus aureus.  Kata Kunci: antibakteri, daun kelor, daun kemangi, Staphylococcus aureus