Kalimah: Jurnal Studi Agama dan Pemikiran Islam

Ajaran Isyrāqi: Studi Kritis-Epistemologis Filsafat Iluminasi Suhrawardi

Hasna Ulfa Nur Laini — 2024-07-11

This research examines the epistemology of Isyrāqi philosophy critically-systematically, examining details from the source of thought, methods to verification and implications of Suhrawardi's Isyrāqi philosophy. In explaining, the author uses qualitative research, which is presented descriptively-analytically with an epistemological-philosophical perspective Nicholas Rescher. As a result, this research shows three things: First, Isyrāqi philosophy comes from the extraction of five major schools; pre-Islamic philosophy (Greece), Islamic peripatetik philosophy, especially Ibn Sina, ancient Iranian thought, Sufistic thought of Mansur al-Hallaj and al-Ghazali, and Zoroastrianism. Second, to reach isyrāqi knowledge, Suhrawardi requires to involve spiritual practice (mujāhadah) and asceticism, which is detailed in four stages in an orderly manner. Including the preparation stage, the reception stage, then the development stage (proof), and finally the immortalization stage. Third, for Suhrawardi, knowledge can be said to be final by combining two things: 1) The intellectual power of reason (discursive knowledge), and 2) Intuitive knowledge; witnessing and revelation (musyāhadah wal mukāsyafah). Light as a symbol of true truth in Isyrāqi teachings, and the tool to obtain light is intuition, while the ratio is used to explain the intuition. Suhrawardi was not satisfied with the peripatetik concept of emanation which emphasizes the role of the intellect ('aql) in the process of reaching knowledge. According to him, the role of intuition (dzawq) and mystical revelation manifested through absolute light are fundamental realities. The implications of Suhrawardi's Isyraqī ultimately paved the way for the development of Islamic philosophy afterwards, among others it is shown in the thoughts of Ibn Arabi (1165-1240) and Mulla Sadra (1573-1641).

Hamka’s Sufism in The Literary Work “Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck” on Schleiermacher’s Hermeneutics Perspective

AR. Miftah Al Farouqy — 2024-07-11

Hamka was a prolific poet scholar who brought the idea of reforming Sufism, known as neo-Sufism. As a poet, he wrote many literary works, such as “Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck” which was written at the same time as modern Sufism, also contains elements of Sufism. This research aims to (1) identify Hamka's sufistic texts in “The Sinking of van Der Wijck”, (2) analyze the sufistic meaning in it’s work on Schleiermacher's hermeneutic perspective. “Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck” is one of Hamka's literary works that is considered to contain sufistic values. The authors analyzed the sufistic texts in Schleirmacher’s hermeneutics perspective, a relevant approach to derive the meaning of Hamka’s literary texts. This research is in the form of qualitative research and is categorized as library research with a text analysis method. Data is obtained through documentary techniques, and data sources are taken from books and secondary notes that are relevant to the research theme. The data is then analyzed using Schleiermacher's hermeneutic working principles by means of grammatical and psychological interpretations. The result of this study is (1) Hamka's Sufism in “Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck” found in the text of the story in the aspects of: natural beauty, a quest for true happiness, good manners, and love. (2) After going through interpretation and analysis stages using perspective of Schleirmacher’s hermeneutics, the meaning of these aspects of sufistic text is love, which is natural giving (fiṭrah), and must be maintained by declaring self to Allah, natural beauty as an introduction to reaching maqām riḍā, good manners as a means of knowing Allah, and true happiness is ma'rifatullāh

Metode Penalaran tentang Tuhan: Membaca Pemikiran 'Abdul Qahir al-Bagdadi (w. 429 H/ 1038 M) dalam Karyanya Kitāb Uṣūluddīn

Ryandi Ryandi — 2024-07-11

The correct reasoning about God is important in Islamic faith. The value judgment of reasoning incorrectly about God is heresy. Al-Bagdadi was early Ash’arite (4th/5th AH), who compiled many correct reasoning arguments about God in his work Kitāb Uṣūluddīn. His arguments have influenced later Ash’arites such as Abu Muzaffar al-Isfaraini (w. 471 H/ 1078 M), Imam al-Haramain al-Juwaini (w. 478 H/ 1085 M), and Hujjatul Islam al-Gazali (w. 505/ 1111 M). This article explores al-Bagdadi's reasoning arguments elaborated in his work Uṣūluddīn, to then be reduced to the three methods of reasoning commonly used by the Ashharite, namely dalīl al-tamānu’, qiyās al-gayb ’alā al-syāhid, and al-sabr wa al-taqsīm. After analyzing his Uṣūluddīn, it is concluded that al-Bagdadi uses these three methods of reasoning in his description of God. Dalīl al-tamānu’ is used by al-Bagdadi to prove the oneness of God (waḥdāniyyah). Qiyās al-gayb ’alā al-syāhid is used to prove the existence of God, and the perfection of His attributes. As for al-sabr wa al-taqsīm is used to prove the truth of seeing God in the hereafter (ru'yatullāh), and the negation of limitations on the God. In addition to strengthening the Islamic faith with correct reasoning, the logical arguments built by al-Bagdadi are also intended to criticize deviant views of God, both from outside and internal Islam. Because it is reason-based, its arguments are universally applicable.

Paying Off Debt or Forgiving Debt? Semantic and Intertextual Analysis on Lord’s Prayer in Smith-Van Dyck Arabic Bible Translation

Yuangga Kurnia Yahya — 2024-07-31

The Smith and Van Dyck Arabic Bible Translation, which first appeared in 1865, is the most widely used translation in the Christian Arab community. The expressions that appear in the translation have some quite striking differences with other Arabic translations of the Bible. This research will focus on one of the messages in Lord's Prayer, specifically Matthew 6:12 about prayer for forgiveness and forgiveness to others which has different diction from the Jesuit Arabic Bible of 1881. This study will use a post-colonialism perspective in Bible studies through semantic and intertextual analysis. This research concluded two main things. First, the quality of the SVD Bible translation from English to Arabic, as seen in Matthew 6:12 has a low level of accuracy and legibility. This can be seen from the choice of words "نغفر” as well as the use of verbs in the future form for source language texts that use the past tense. Second, the results of the SVD Bible translation also provide an overview of Western Christian ideology, which is quite dominant. The representation of this is the choice of the word "sin" rather than "debt", because debt is not a problem in a capitalist lifestyle. In fact, this mindset normalizes the existence of debt to meet the needs of human life. This shows that the translation movement carried out in the 19th century AD became one of the media for spreading the ideas of capitalism and colonialism to various colonial areas.

Tazkiyah al-nafs sebagai Terapi Penyakit Jiwa (Tinjauan Hadis)

Achmad Reza Hutama Al Faruqi — 2024-07-31

Artikel ini mengupas tentang makna tazkiyah al-Nafs yang terkandung dalam hadis Nabi SAW. Hakikatnya manusia merupakan makhluk yang memiliki entitas fisik dan non-fisik. Non-fisik meliputi jiwa, ruh, dan qalb, aql di mana jika terjangkit penyakit maka sulit untuk disembuhkan dibanding penyakit fisik, karena sifatnya yang mudah untuk berubah. Sehingga para psikolog baik Muslim maupun Barat ikut serta dalam mengambil peran dalam penyelesaian persoalan tersebut. Dalam kajian psikolog Barat, persoalan tersebut terhenti hanya pada manusia sendiri, tidak melibatkan hal-hal yang metafisik. Untuk itu, perlunya penelitian ini mengangkat persoalan tazkiyah al-Nafs dalam perspektif hadis. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian kepustakaan (Library Research) dengan metode analisis konten (contens-analysis) pendekatan hadis dengan sanad perawi yang muttasil. Sehingga menghasilkan beberapa poin di antaranya bahwa tazkiyah an-Nafs merupakan solusi Muslim untuk menyucikan jiwanya dari beberapa penyakit manusia, seperti berbangga diri, sombong, kikir, dan lain sebagainya. Bahkan hadis Nabi pun juga dijelaskan bagaimana seorang Muslim mampu mengkondisikan dirinya dari berbagai penyakit jiwa, yaitu dengan shalat, puasa, dzikir, dan masih banyak lagi metode dalam Islam untuk tazkiyah an-Nafs.

Analisis Sejarah Kolonialisme Belanda dalam Perkembangan Orientalisme di Indonesia

Mohammad Djaya Aji Bima Sakti — 2024-07-31

This research aims to analyze the relevance and influence of Dutch colonialism and it’s relevant to the development of orientalism in Indonesia. By using the ideas of the theory of orientalism that was promoted by Edward Said, this research will attempt to explore how Dutch colonialism has influenced and shaped cultural patterns with a shifting of paradigm and had the impact of changing identity in Indonesia for a long time. Through a qualitative approach, this research seeks to analyze Dutch colonial impact and legacies and tries to reveal the strategies by which these Orientalist though are still indirectly practiced today. This research provides an illustration that orientalism and colonialism are two interrelated interests and have had quite a dominant influence in the history of these two organizations in Indonesia. Colonialism became the initial basis for the orientalism movement to develop, because with its presence, orientalism could freely carry out several goals and orientations of its movement, which included Christianization and westernization.