Evaluasi Komposisi Gizi Dan Sifat Antioksidatif Kedelai Hitam Mallika (Glycine Max) Akibat Penyangraian

Authors

  • Wahidah Mahanani Rahayu Program Studi Teknologi Pangan, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
  • Endah Sulistiawati Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21111/atj.v2i1.2817

Keywords:

antioksidan, antosianin, flavonoid, kedelai hitam, penyangraian, senyawa fenolik

Abstract

Kedelai hitam mengandung berbagai senyawa antioksidan yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Pemanasan dalam pengolahannya diketahui dapat mengubah kandungan gizi, serta aktivitas dan kandungan berbagai senyawa antioksidan. Namun penyangraian dilaporkan mampu meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan kedelai hitam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh penyangraian terhadap kandungan gizi serta aktivitas dan kandungan senyawa antioksidan kedelai hitam varietas Mallika. Kedelai hitam yang disangrai pada suhu 150oC dan 200oC, masing-masing selama 15 dan 30 menit, dan non-sangrai diuji kandungan proksimatnya (kadar air, abu, lemak, protein, karbohidrat by difference, dan serat kasar). Aktivitas antioksidan diukur pada ekstrak etanolik kedelai hitam dengan metode penghambatan radikal DPPH. Ekstrak dengan aktivitas tertinggi kemudian diuji kandungan antioksidannya, yaitu total antosianin dengan metode perbedaan pH, total fenol dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu, dan total flavonoid dengan metode kolorimetri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyangraian dapat menurunkan kadar air dan protein, masing-masing pada kisaran 27,47 – 79,81% dan 5,73 – 15,73%, dan meningkatkan kadar lemak pada kisaran 3,21 – 3,81%, kadar abu pada kisaran 0,45 – 2,67%, dan meningkatkan proporsi karbohidrat, sedangkan serat kasar meningkat hingga 16,44% pada penyangraian suhu 150oC, namun menurun pada penyangraian suhu 200oC. Penyangraian meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan hingga 82,5% dengan aktivitas tertinggi pada perlakuan 200oC selama 30 menit. Ekstrak kedelai hitam Mallika hasil penyangraian dengan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi mengandung total fenol sebesar 56,96 mg GAE/g bahan kering, total flavonoid sebesar 14,39 mg QE/g bahan kering, dan antosianin sebesar 0,125 mg CE /g bahan kering. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyangraian pada suhu 200oC selama 30 menit dapat digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan sifat antioksidatif kedelai hitam Mallika yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan.

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Published

2018-05-01

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2018): Agroindustrial Technology

Section

Articles

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