Gontor Agrotech Science Journal

Pengaruh Kombinasi Pupuk Kandang Sapi dan Pupuk NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kubis (Brassica oleraceae L.)

Ramli Ramli — 2024-07-31

The use of organic and inorganic fertilizers is an alternative way to get good cabbage production, one of which is by using cow manure and NPK. This study aims to determine the good use of a combination of cow manure and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.). The research was carried out from October 2022 to January 2023. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK), namely with a combination of cow manure (PKS) and NPK fertilizer. With the following details: P0 = Control, P1 = PKS 200 g + NPK 5 g, P2 = PKS 400 g + NPK 10 g, P3 = PKS 600 g + NPK 15 g, P4 = PKS 800 g + NPK 20 g. The treatments were repeated 3 times so that there were 15 experimental units. Each experimental unit used 5 polybags and each polybag was planted with one plant so that the total cabbage plants used were 75 plants. The variables observed were leaf area, time of crop formation, crop weight, and crop volume and root volume. The results showed that the combination of cow manure and NPK fertilizer had a significant effect on the growth of leaf area, crop weight, and crop volume. However, it has not had a significant effect on the time of crop formation. Treatment of cow manure 800 g + NPK 20 g (P4) fertilizer increased crop weight and crop volume. Treatment of cow manure 400 g + NPK 10 g (P2) fertilizer increased cabbage leaf area.

Combating Soil Drought in Maize (Zea mays L.): Genetic-Engineering Strategies for Drought Tolerant Varieties

Moch. Rosyadi Adnan — 2024-07-29

Drought is the global challenge of crop agriculture across the globe. The detrimental effect of drought hinders a significant growth and development impairment leading to devastating harvest losses. Maize, a vital staple for food faces future challenges with a rapidly expanding drought area. To address this challenge, scientists and breeders are urged to develop new varieties that are not only resistant or tolerant but also even potentially thrive under drought planting conditions. New breeding technologies involving molecular biology and biotechnology have been developed and implemented thus offering a promising solution. Genetic engineering has allowed humans to straightforwardly transfer beneficial genes across species and varieties, thus deliberating gene pool transfer of similar species and varieties. Furthermore, this technology has evolved to the level of creation, deletion, or modification of existing alleles with high precision through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. This review article delves into the morpho-physiology, biochemical, and molecular responses of maize varieties against drought stress. It subsequently explores how genetic engineering has been utilized to optimize the selected genes underlying those responses. By exploring the current progress of genetic engineering, this article aims to prepare the ground for future advancement in combating drought through drought-tolerant maize varieties. Thus, this review article has the potential to contribute to improving food security in the increasing drought challenges.

Perbedaan Metode Pengolahan Pascapanen dalam Memengaruhi Kadar Kafein Roasted Bean Kopi Robusta Argopuro

Annisa Lutfi Alwi — 2024-07-22

This study aims to determine the caffeine content of Argopuro Jember robusta coffee beans based on differences in post-harvest processing methods. The research was conducted at the Jember State Polytechnic Agricultural Products Processing (PHP) Laboratory and the Jember State University Integrated Testing Unit Laboratory in June-September 2022. The samples were robusta coffee logs originating from the Argopuro area of Jember. The post-harvest coffee processing process is divided into four (4) methods, namely natural processing (dry process), semi-wet processing, wet (full wash process), and honey processing. Green beans from the results of each processing method are roasted at light, medium, and dark levels. The roasted bean caffeine content test from each post-harvest processing method at each roasting level was carried out descriptively (simple, without repetition). Overall, the caffeine content of the roasted beans produced in this study still meets the SNI 01-3542-2004 standard, a maximum of 2%. The caffeine content of Argopuro Jember robusta coffee roast beans at the light roast level ranges from 1.44-1.65%, 1.38-1.92% for medium roast, and 1.61-1.81% for dark roast. The highest caffeine content in roasted beans at each roasting level is 1.65% (dry process), 1.92% (full wash process), and 1.81% (full wash process), respectively. Meanwhile, roasted beans with the lowest caffeine content with a value of 1.38% are produced using the semi-wet process processing method at a medium roast level. The fluctuations in caffeine values produced in this study indicate that post-harvest processing methods do not affect the caffeine content of roasted beans at light, medium, or dark roast levels.

Pengaruh Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Alami Terhadap Jumlah Akar dan Jumlah Daun Planlet Anggrek Bulan (Phalaenopsis amabilis) Secara In Vitro

Nova Triani — 2024-07-17

The moth orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis) is a popular ornamental plant due to its beautiful flowers. Propagation of moth orchids can be performed using tissue culture or in vitro methods. The medium used in moth orchid tissue culture is the MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium, which is enriched with plant growth regulators (PGRs). The use of natural PGRs, such as onion extract and coconut water, can serve as an alternative and potential source nutrition substitute for synthetic PGRs in orchid tissue culture media. This study aims to determine the effect of using natural PGRs, namely onion extract and coconut water, on moth orchid plantlets. The method employed is a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) factorial experiment with two factors: the first factor is the concentration of onion extract (0 g/L, 20 g/L, 30 g/L, and 40 g/L), and the second factor is the concentration of coconut water (0 mL/L, 50 mL/L, 100 mL/L, and 150 mL/L). Observations were focused on the increase in the number of roots and leaves. The results showed that a concentration of 20 g/L onion extract had a significant effect on the increase in the number of roots but did not affect the increase in the number of leaves. Meanwhile, the concentration of coconut water did not affect the increase in the number of roots or leaves.

Pengaruh Iklim Mikro dan Penggunaan Media Tanam yang Berbeda pada Pertumbuan Tanaman Melon Varietas Sweet Net

Elly Daru Ika Wilujeng — 2024-07-15

Melon are plants that are sensitive to environmental changes. Currently, developing technology for cultivating melons in greenhouses is used to modify the microclimate for the growth of melon plants. This research aims to determine the effect of microclimate and different types of planting media on growth response of sweet net variety melon plants that planted in the Politeknik Negeri Jember smart green house. The research was carried out in January – May 2024. The treatments tested consisted of two treatments, namely: the use of soil media+compos and cocopeat media which would be repeated 15 times. The parameters observed include microclimate (temperature and humidity) and also plant growth indicators including plant length and number of leaves, number of flowers, and potential weight of melon. The data obtained were analyzed using the T-test. The research results show that the microclimate inside the Politeknik Negeri Jember smart green house is still classified as an optimal microclimate to support the growth of melon plants. Apart from that, the use of cocopeat planting media was able to provide the best results for the length of the melon plants in the 4th to 6th week of observation, but there was no significant difference in the parameters of the number of leaves, number of flowers and potential weight of melon of. The use of cocopeat media and soil media are both good media in supporting the growth of melon plants in a greenhouse.

Kombinasi Pupuk Anorganik dan Pupuk Organik Meningkatkan Produksi Tanaman Tomat (Licopersicum esculentum Mill) dengan Pemangkasan Pucuk Apikal

Maria Klara Salli — 2024-07-09

The research aims to determine the effect of a combination of inorganic fertilizer (KNO₃) and organic fertilizer (goat manure) on the yield of the Betavila variety when apical shoots are pruned. The research took place from March to October 2019 in Kupang Regency, NTT. The research used RAK with 4 repetitions. The treatments are as follows: M1 = inorganic fertilizer 5 g/l KNO₃; M2 = organic fertilizer 20 tons/ha goat manure; M3 = inorganic fertilizer 5 g/l KNO₃ + organic fertilizer 30 tons/ha goat manure; M4 = inorganic fertilizer 5 g/l KNO₃ + organic fertilizer 15 tons/ha goat manure; M5 = Inorganic fertilizer 3.75 g/l KNO₃ + organic fertilizer 15 tons/ha goat manure; M6 = Inorganic fertilizer 3.75 g/l KNO₃ + organic fertilizer 30 tons/ha goat manure; M7 = inorganic fertilizer 2.5 g/l KNO₃ + organic fertilizer 15 tons/ha goat manure; M8 = inorganic fertilizer 2.5 g/l KNO₃ + organic fertilizer 30 tons/ha goat manure. The results of the research showed that the combination of applying inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer simultaneously influenced the yield of Betavila variety tomato plants whose apical shoots had been pruned, namely on the number of fruits, fruit weight, and fruit production. Fertilization dose of inorganic fertilizer 3.75 g/l KN0₃ + organic fertilizer 30 tons/ha goat manure gave the number of fruits per plant (59.63 fruit), fruit production per plant (2.63 kg), and fruit production per experimental plot (50.33 kg) highest.

Pengaruh Jenis Biochar dan Jarak Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Padi Gogo (Oryza sativa L.)

Ai Fitria — 2024-07-09

Upland rice has the potential to be cultivated on land that has limited water. Plant spacing needs to be done as a strategy so that upland rice can absorb light and water optimally. Apart from that, biochar can be used to improve soil properties so that it is suitable for supporting the growth of upland rice plants on dry land. The study aims to examine the response of biochar application and plant spacing on the growth and yield of upland rice. The study was conducted in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya at an altitude of 359 meters above sea level. This study used a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). The first factor is a type of biochar consisting of coconut shells and rice husks charcoal. The second factor is the plant spacing consisting of 20 x 20 cm and 30 x 30 cm. The results showed that there was no interaction between the two treatments on the growth and yield of upland rice. The application of biochar had a significant effect on the number of panicles per hill, while plant spacing had a significant effect on the root length, root wet weight, 1.000 seed weight, and yield. The coconut shell was able to increase the number of panicles per hill, while the wider plant spacing caused an increase in root length, root wet weight, 1.000 seed weight, and yield. In general, the application of biochar can improve crop yields, while regulating the plant spacing has the potential to increase the growth and yield of upland rice.

Media Kultur Alternatif In Vitro Pada Nematoda Entomopatogen

Iqbal Erdiansyah — 2024-05-31

Entomopathogenic nematodes (ENPs) are prospective biological agents. The obstacles multiplication of NEP are limited access to purchasing and the high price of multiplication media. This research aims to determine effect of alternative media composition on the population density of Entomopathogenic Nematodes. This research was conducted in August-December 2022 using a completely randomized Design (CRD) with 7 treatments, its MA (4g rice bran), MB (4g coconut pulp), MC (4 g golden snail), MD (2 g rice bran + 2 g coconut pulp), ME (2 g rice bran + 2 g golden snail), MF (2 g coconut pulp + 2 g golden snail), MG (2 g rice bran + 1 g coconut pulp + 1 gram golden snail) was repeated 4 times. The observed variable is densitiy of Nematodes Population. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with the 5% Tukey test. The results showed a significant effect of alternative medium on the NEP population with the best treatment on MG medium, the average population in 1st week (1044.25J/0.25ml), 2st week (1120.75J/0.25ml), 3st week (177J/0.25ml) and 4st week (89.25J/0.25ml)

Eksplorasi dan Deskripsi dan Kunci Determinasi Musuh Alami Hama Kutu Kepik (Vatiga illudens Drake 1922) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) dari Pertanaman Singkong (Manihot esculenta) di Kabupaten Banyumas, Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Agus Suroto — 2024-06-22

The invasion of the ladybug (Vatiga illudens) has started a new chapter in Indonesia, with the first report of this pest in East Java Province in 2021. As a pest that attacks cassava plants, this pest is a threat to cassava plantations, one of which is in Banyumas District, Central Java Province. It is necessary to identify potential natural enemies that can become biological agents that suppress pest populations in the field and insects associated with cassava cultivations to control the pest and anticipate losses due to decreased production of cassava plants in the Banyumas District. This study aimed to explore and describe the natural enemies of ladybug pests and insects associated with cassava cultivations in the Banyumas District. The research was conducted in September 2022-January 2023 in seven cassava cultivation locations in Banyumas District. Samples of pests and or natural enemies were collected using a purposive random sampling method. The results showed a community of potential natural enemies of V. illudens and insects associated with cassava cultivations from the Orders Hemiptera, Diptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, and Araneae. The Results showed that 15 species act as potential natural enemies, eight species as pests, and two species as none of them (neutral).

Pendugaan Viabilitas benih padi (Oryza sativa L.) dengan Uji Tetrazolium

Wati Tri Utami — 2024-05-23

Supporting factors for the success of rice planting include seed availability in sufficient quantities, high quality, and availability when needed. Conventional rice seed viability testing generally takes quite a long time, around 14 days. Therefore, it is necessary to develop several methods for quickly testing seed viability. This research aims to determine the coloring pattern of rice seeds, differences in viability tested with 0.25% tetrazolium concentration, and the relationship between the viability values of seeds tested for sprouting and those tested with 0.25% tetrazolium. This research was carried out from March to May 2023 at the Laboratory of the Central Java Seed Supervision and Certification Center. The treatments used were tests using the direct sprout test (rolled paper in plastic test) and the 0.25% concentration tetrazolium test method. The seeds used were seeds with different storage times (0, 1, 2, and 3 months) to obtain variations in seed vigor. The data obtained were analyzed using visual and descriptive analysis, t-test, and correlation analysis. The results showed that the tetrazolium test with a concentration of 0.25% on Inpari 42 rice seeds produced seven coloring patterns grouped into four viable seed and three non-viable seed coloring patterns. The 0.25% concentration tetrazolium test showed that the results had no significant effect and were closely related the results of the direct germination test so the rapid test could be used as a substitute for the (conventional) germination test on a wide scale.