Journal of Comparative Study of Religions

Austria's Institutionalized Discriminatory Policies: A Historical Study on Anti-Semitic and Anti-Muslim Phenomena

wiji nurasih — Sun, 02 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Racism constitutes a serious social issue in Austria. This phenomenon has garnered significant attention from activists, leading to discussions and the formation of numerous organizations dedicated to combating and addressing racism. However, despite decades of anti-racist discourse and efforts in Austria, the issue persists. Reports from anti-racist organizations indicate that incidents of racism remain prevalent to this day. Therefore, it is intriguing to investigate why racism has endured as a dynamic phenomenon in Austria. This article seeks to discuss how politics in Austria institutionalized racism, rooted in a lengthy historical context specifically, racism against the Jewish community (antisemitism) and racism against Muslims. The data were obtained through reviewing previous research findings and reports from anti-racism organizations. Descriptive analysis was employed to provide a detailed explanation of the context within a framework of power relations theory. The study reveals that the ideology

inherited from Nazism, which encompasses concepts such as Lebensraum (living space) and the marginalization of specific groups, continues to influence Austrian politics, albeit narrated differently through political campaigns and discriminatory policies. This ideological influence permeates the public sphere, serving as a crucial factor in the unresolved nature of racism in contemporary Austria. Furthermore, the research identifies a shift in political tendencies over time, transitioning from an emphasis on anti-Semitism to Government policies and political campaigns in Austria constitute significant supporting factors influencing racist actions against Muslims in the daily life of Austrian society. wards anti-Muslim racism. Through the perspective of power relations government policies and political campaigns in Austria constitute significant supporting factors influencing racist actions in the daily life of Austrian society. For example, Dokustelle (the Center for Documentation and Counseling on Anti-Muslim Racism in Austria) identified over a thousand cases of racism against Muslims in 2022.

The Shape of The Earth in The Perspective of Islam and Hinduism

Sun, 02 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research intends to know the shape of the earth through
the perspective of Islam and Hinduism. With descriptive, analysis
and comparative methods, the researcher produced three important
conclusions. Firstly, the two scriptures agreed that the phenomenon
of day and night is caused by sunlight. Rationally this phenomenon
will not happen except by the globe earth. Secondly, in the
perspective of Islam, it is not mentioned clearly about the shape of
the earth but differs in the perspective of Hinduism which mentioned
it clearly. This matter causes different views and interpretations.
Thirdly, Al-Biruni that represent the Muslim scholar and Aryabhata
represent Hindu, in study the shape of the earth, the both did their
research by using the concept of a globe earth and the results were
still in use today. Knowing more details, the research on the shape of
the earth becomes very interesting.

Muhammad's Prophecy in Christianity and Islam: Debate and Controversy

Tonny Ilham Prayogo, Westi Wiliyana Sari, Nadiyah Ayu Damayanti — Thu, 30 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The cross-religious debate that is most often discussed is about the claim of the apostle as the final Prophets, which is believed in Christianity that it never happened. The apostle was Muhammad Pbuh, an ordinary human being given advantages and privileges and elevated above all creatures. Contrary to the Christian belief that Isa or Jesus in the Christian belief is their greatest human being, the Bible is written about the arrival of a great figure that was promised. Therefore, this paper seeks to reveal the truth in Christian teachings regarding Muhammad as the complement of previous teachings. By including evidence from several figures from these two heavenly religions, namely Christianity and Islam, supported by evidence found in the Bible and al-Qur’an. The descriptive analysis method is used in this research to analyze the understanding of the two major religions of the world and related cross-religious teachings and doctrines. It’s supported by comparative methods that make it easier to see and know the comparisons found in both Islam and Christianity. A theological approach is used in this qualitative literature review, where the perspective of this writing is taken from studies that analyze scripts from holy books, discussing interfaith concepts and matters related to doctrine in religion. With this research it is hoped that further researchers will be able to take the value if necessary to be refined with an explanation broader and complete the deficiencies contained in this writing.

Analisis Ayat-Ayat Kebebasan Beragama dalam Tafsir Sayyid Qutb

Akhmad Sulton Hasan Basri, Subarkah Yudi Waskito — Thu, 06 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Pada dasarnya kebebasan untuk memilih menjadi mukmin atau kafir merupakan otoritas sepenuhnya dari manusia itu sendiri. Bahkan dalam beragama, harus berdasarkan kepada keyakinan dan kesadaran yang penuh terhadap ajaran dari agama yang dipeluknya. Artikel ini menganalisis tentang pandangan Sayyid Qutb terhadap kebebasan beragama dalam Tafsîr Fî Zhilâl Al-Qur’ân. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis dengan tafsir tematik sebagai pendekatannya. Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa pertama, bahwa kebebasan beragama menurut Sayyid Qutb sangatlah ketat, karena sifat agama Islam sendiri didasarkan pada ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an yang menjelaskan hubungan antara orang-orang yang tidak menganut agama Islam dengan orang-orang yang menganut agama lain, sehingga menetapkan agama Islam sebagai hukum terakhir tentang hubungan antara masyarakat Islam dengan orang-orang yang tidak menganut agama Islam. Kedua, kebebasan beragama dalam Islam adalah bahwasanya tidak ada paksaan dalam beragama. Ketiga, Pada umumnya, para Mufassir menafsirkan ayat-ayat tentang kebebasan beragama berarti bebas untuk bertindak adil dan berhubungan baik dengan orang lain. Hubungan baik tersebut berlaku untuk semua agama, hal ini menunjukkan bahwasanya toleransi yang dimaksud bukanlah dalam ranah aqidah dan ibadah, melainkan cukup toleransi dalam batasan mu'ȃmalah saja.

Nadzoriyatu Khalqu al-Insan fi al-Kitab al-Muqoddas: Naqdu ‘ala Nadzariyatu al-Tathowwur li Charles Darwin

Retno Damayanti, Asep Awaludin — Thu, 06 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This article explores the fundamental differences between these theological and scientific views through analysis of the text of the Bible and Darwin's theory of evolution which aims to explain the definition of human creation and the theory of evolution and analyze the theory using verses in the Bible. To complete this writing, the researcher used the descriptive-critical analysis method to examine and criticize the theory using a naturalist worldview approach to the ideas presented by Darwin. The result is that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution becomes a new paradigm regarding human origins which denies divinity in its creation. Darwin's theory of evolution is a scientific concept which states that living species experience development through the process of natural selection. In the Book of Genesis it explains that humans were created by God, Adam was formed from the dust of the ground and breathed the breath of life into his nose and created Eve from Adam's rib, this shows that humans were created directly by God and are considered special among other creations.